目的 针对AZ31B镁合金耐蚀性差的问题,通过构建“微弧氧化（MAO）-纳米粒子封孔-热可逆自修复聚氨酯（PU-DA）”复合涂层体系,探究多层协同防护机制,突破单一涂层的性能局限,为镁合金表面长效防腐提供新策略。方法 首先对AZ31B镁合金进行微弧氧化处理,生成陶瓷基底;随后通过调控电泳电压（15~50 V）和时间（30~120 s）制备CuO纳米粒子封孔样品,采用SEM/EDS分析涂层的形貌和元素分布,利用电化学测试和电化学阻抗图谱筛选出最优防腐性能的电泳参数,通过XRD/XPS解析相组成、化学态。在此基础上,针对优选样品涂覆可修复聚氨酯涂层,通过划格法（ASTMD3359）测试聚氨酯涂层的结合力,并通过盐雾实验验证其抗腐蚀能力。结果 微弧氧化层主要由MgO构成,电泳优化参数为30 V/60 s,所得涂层均匀致密,表面元素分散均匀,厚度增至41.6 μm,电化学测试结果表明,其腐蚀电流密度（Jcorr）最低约为7×10-9 A/cm2,且容抗弧半径达到最大值。在复合聚氨酯涂层后,表面聚氨酯具有较强的结合力,达到5B级。经过480 h盐雾试验后,复合涂层表面无明显腐蚀迹象,通过光学显微镜观察到聚氨酯成功完成自修复。结论 通过MAO/纳米粒子/PU-DA三级涂层设计,成功实现了镁合金表面腐蚀防护与功能化集成。通过优化电泳参数（30 V/60 s）,显著提升了封闭性和CuO纳米粒子封孔均匀性,聚氨酯层为其提供了有效的物理屏障,且具有一定的自修复能力,延长了涂层的寿命。
Abstract
To address the inherent issue of poor corrosion resistance in AZ31B magnesium alloys, the work aims to propose an innovative composite coating system comprising "micro-arc oxidation (MAO)-nanoparticle pore-sealing-thermally reversible self-healing polyurethane (PU-DA)" to explore synergistic multi-layered protection mechanisms, overcome the performance limitations inherent to single-layer coatings, and establish a novel strategy for achieving long-term corrosion resistance on magnesium alloy surfaces. The experimental methodology began with the micro-arc oxidation treatment of AZ31B magnesium alloy to create a ceramic-like oxide substrate, followed by the electrophoretic deposition of CuO nanoparticles under systematically controlled voltage (15-50 V) and time (30-120 s) parameters to fabricate pore-sealed samples. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the coating properties and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was utilized to analyze the surface morphology and elemental distribution. Electrochemical tests including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to identify the optimal electrophoretic parameters for corrosion resistance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to determine the phase composition and chemical states of the coating. Subsequently, the selected electrophoretic sample exhibiting the highest anti-corrosion performance was further coated with a self-healing polyurethane layer, and the adhesion strength of the polyurethane coating was rigorously assessed with the cross-cut test method (ASTMD3359). The corrosion resistance was validated through standardized salt spray testing. The results demonstrated that the micro-arc oxidation layer was predominantly composed of MgO, and the optimized electrophoretic parameters (30 V for 60 s) yielded a uniform, densely packed CuO nanoparticle-sealed coating with a total thickness of 41.6 μm, which exhibited the lowest corrosion current density (Jcorr≈7×10-9 A/cm2) and the largest impedance loop radius in electrochemical tests, signifying exceptional corrosion inhibition. Upon the application of the self-healing polyurethane topcoat, the composite system displayed robust interfacial adhesion, achieving the highest adhesion rating of Grade 5B, and maintained structural integrity with no visible signs of corrosion on the polyurethane surface after prolonged exposure to salt spray conditions for 480 h, thereby confirming its enhanced durability under aggressive environments. The successful self-healing process of the polyurethane was confirmed through optical microscopy analysis. In conclusion, the tri-layered MAO/nanoparticle/PU-DA coating architecture successfully integrates corrosion protection and functionalization on magnesium alloy surfaces through a hierarchical design. Optimization of electrophoretic deposition parameters (30 V/60 s) demonstrates enhanced sealing efficacy and improves pore-sealing uniformity of CuO nanoparticles, while the polyurethane coating provides an effective physical barrier with demonstrated self-healing capability. This multi-scale protective system synergistically combines the ceramic foundation of MAO for initial passivation, the pore-blocking functionality of CuO nanoparticles to suppress localized corrosion initiation, and the dynamic self-healing capability of PU-DA to autonomously heal micro-damage, collectively establishing a comprehensive defense mechanism against both electrochemical degradation and mechanical wear. The successful integration of these layers not only addresses the intrinsic susceptibility of magnesium alloys to corrosion but also demonstrates the feasibility of combining inorganic and polymeric phases to create functionally graded coatings, offering a scalable and industrially viable solution for enhancing the longevity of lightweight metallic components in demanding operational conditions.
关键词
镁合金 /
微弧氧化 /
纳米粒子封孔 /
电泳沉积 /
耐腐蚀 /
自修复聚氨酯
Key words
magnesium alloy /
micro-arc oxidation /
nanoparticle pore-sealing /
electrophoretic deposition /
corrosion resistance /
self-healing polyurethane
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基金
青海省科技厅自然科学青年基金（2023-ZJ-986Q）; 青海理工学院“昆仑英才”人才引进科研项目（2023-QLGKLYCZX-019）; 青海大学大学生科研训练计划（SRT202449,SRT202549); 青海大学大学生创新训练计划（2024-QX-22）
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