目的 为了解决超亲水防雾涂层在防雾和表面自清洁应用中面临的透明度低、易受磨损、遇水亲水性成分流失、高温高湿环境易老化等诸多问题,优化设计高效耐久性坚固超亲水硬质涂层。方法 优化设计SiO2骨架,引入TiO2和Al2O3硬质颗粒为填料,通过多相混合掺杂得到一种具有超亲水性、良好透光度、自清洁性、增透减反和光催化特性、优异耐久性的无机超亲水透明防雾涂层。结果 制备的多层复合超亲水涂层具有良好的超亲水效果,其接触角<5°。耐摩擦磨损实验表明,涂层可以在经受6 500次钢丝绒布磨损,以及橡胶轮10次磨损后仍保持良好的超亲水防雾效果。另外,涂层在高温300 ℃、户外600 h曝光和48 h水浸泡等恶劣的化学、机械和热环境中依然可以保持10°以下的接触角和高光学透明度。结论 以上结果表明,该SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3多相复合超亲水涂层显著增强了传统超亲水涂层的耐久防雾性能,有望成为具有增强耐久性的功能材料,可有效应对表面雾化的挑战,并为未来增强防雾自清洁应用领域提供新的思路。
Abstract
Transparent materials have been widely used in industrial and civil fields due to their excellent optical properties. However, the fogging phenomenon will significantly affect their use effect. Superhydrophilic anti-fogging coating can be utilized as an effective strategy to solve fog and surface pollution, but it also faces many challenges such as low transparency, easy wear, loss of hydrophilic components in water, and lose efficacy in high temperature and humidity environment. With this regard, the optimal design of strong and durable superhydrophilic hard coatings provides a new strategy.
The optimized SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3 hard particles are introduced, and a kind of inorganic superhydrophilic transparent anti-fogging coating with good optical transmittance, photocatalytic self-cleaning, anti-reflection and photocatalytic properties, and excellent durability is obtained by multi-phase mixing and doping. At first, the selection of suitable dispersant is helpful to improve the apparent film formation of the coating. The mixing of the non-ionic surfactant FS0-100 and the anionic surfactant C14-16 sodium sulfonate in the coating can improve the dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in the solution system and provide the coating with the best apparent morphology and integrity. There is an obvious correlation between the wear resistance of the coating and SiO2 nanoparticles. The strength of the flat and dense microstructure formed by small size SiO2 particles is significantly greater than that of large size particles, and the microstructure can still be stable after 4 000 times of friction on the friction test machine, while the microstructure of large size particles is seriously damaged. In this regard, the addition of TiO2 and Al2O3 sol in the coating can improve the mechanical properties of the coating. The coating obtained by mixing TiO2 and Al2O3 sol at the ratio of 100/0.3 can withstand the friction of 10r and the hardness of more than 3H of CS-10F abrasion meter. The introduction of TiO2 also gives the coating the function of photocatalysis, which improves the anti-pollution ability of the coating. The multi-component synergies at this ratio give the coating high hydrophilicity, high hardness and dense surface microstructure, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the coating. At the same time, the hydrophilic groups are richer, which enhances the super-hydrophilic and anti-fog performance of the coating. The static water contact angle of the coating is less than 5°, and it maintains good anti-fogging performance after 6 500 times of friction test and 10 times of wear of the CS-10F rubber wheel on the friction test machine with 1 kg load. In addition, the contact angle below 10° and high optical transparency can be maintained in harsh chemical, mechanical and thermal environments such as 300 ℃ high temperature, 600 h outdoor exposure, and 48 h water immersion.
The above results show that the SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3 multi-phase composite superhydrophilic coating significantly enhances the durability and anti-fogging performance of the traditional superhydrophilic coating, and is expected to become a functional material with enhanced durability, which can effectively cope with the challenge of surface atomization, and provide a new idea for enhancing anti-fogging self-cleaning applications in the future.
关键词
超亲水 /
透明防雾 /
耐磨性 /
自清洁 /
耐久性
Key words
superhydrophilic /
transparent and anti-fogging /
wear resistance /
self-cleaning /
durability
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