目的 攻克高寒动车组制动盘表面因积冰导致制动失效的问题,减少其表面覆冰情况,提升Q345B钢的表面疏水性能。方法 采用激光加工技术在Q345B钢表面制备尺度范围为20~100 μm沟槽型微织构,并采用不同方式（激光+氟化、激光+空气环境氧化）进行处理,通过接触角测量仪、液滴铺展半径测量实验评价不同织构宽度及下表面的润湿性,并通过扫描电子显微镜、XPS光电子能谱仪观察织构化表面微观形貌及表面化学键变化;利用高速摄影观测不同处理方式下液滴撞击壁面的动态过程。结果 微织构的存在使滴落织构表面的液滴能有效承载,与无织构化表面相比,织构化表面静态接触角最大增幅达23%。随着织构宽度增加,表面接触角随之增加。相较于氟化处理织构表面,经空气环境下氧化的表面织构疏水性更好。结论 经空气环境氧化处理后润湿性发生转变,其主要的作用机理为激光处理后表面分布凸起等不同微纳米级的结构与颗粒形成复杂的网状结构,由C—C键层覆盖的微织构表面所引起的“机械盔甲”效应,使其液滴发生滚动现象。
Abstract
The harsh environment of long-term severe cold and snowfall in winter causes severe ice on the surface of high-speed rail brake discs, which poses a serious safety risk to train operation in cold climates. Preparing a hydrophobic surface can undoubtedly reduce the adhesion of droplets, and become one of the feasible solutions to solve the problem of ice and snow accumulation on train brake discs and improve the hydrophobicity of the surface. Micro-nanotexturing, as a common surface modification technology, can improve the surface performance without changing the base material. The droplets on the textured hydrophobic surface have extremely low surface adhesion and strong motion performance, which can effectively promote the rapid removal of surface liquid. The work aims to study the hydrophobic properties of Q345B brake disc.
A simulation model of grooved textures with different widths (20-100 μm) was established to observe the wettability of the textured surface. The simulation results showed that as the texture width increased, the bearing capacity of the texture surface gradually increased, and the contact angle of the droplet also increased. Changing the texture width could improve the surface wettability.
At the same time, Q345B was cut into 40 mm×40 mm squares, polished with sandpaper, and cleaned. In this experiment, an FLS-FB50 ultraviolet laser marking machine was employed to etch a grooved texture consistent with the simulation model on the surface of the sample. The three-dimensional morphology of the surface texture was observed with a three-dimensional depth of field surface profiler (Alicona Infinite Focus G5), the wettability under different texture widths was observed with a JC2000C2 contact angle meter, the microtexture morphology was observed using a JSM6360-LV scanning electron microscope, the surface elements were analyzed with an EDS spectrometer and the surface chemical bonds were measured with a Shimadzu Axis Supra+X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The static contact angle of the surface droplet and the droplet spreading radius were measured in different directions (texture perpendicular to the droplet and parallel to the droplet direction). It was found that the wettability of droplets was different when they fell in different directions. The contact angle of the droplet parallel to the texture direction was lower than the contact angle of the droplet perpendicular to the texture direction, indicating that the grooved surface microtexture was anisotropic. An organic solvent (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane) was used to fluorinate a part of the texture surface, and another part of the textured sample was placed in an air environment for oxidation treatment for 60 days. The surface wettability under different treatment methods was observed, and it was found that the air-oxidized texture had the best hydrophobicity. On the one hand, it was due to the fine microtextures produced during the laser processing, forming a "secondary structure" of the rough surface and on the other hand, it was due to the surface being covered with a layer of C—C bonds, forming a "mechanical armor" effect, and the droplets rolled. By comparing the bounce process of the droplet impacting the surface under three surface states (unprocessed surface, laser textured surface, laser+air oxidation textured surface), it was found that when the droplet impacted the texture surface oxidized in the air environment, it experienced four processes of diffusion, retraction, rebound and falling, and the amount of droplet adhesion on the surface was very low. The grooved micro-texture can play a good hydrophobic role after oxidation treatment in the air environment.
关键词
沟槽型微织构 /
Q345B钢 /
制动盘 /
疏水性 /
高速摄影
Key words
grooved microtexture /
Q345B steel /
brake disc /
hydrophobicity /
high-speed photography
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目（52375169）; 辽宁省应用基础研究计划（2022JH2/101300228）
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