玻璃纤维表面碳基导电涂层制备及应用研究进展

许淼; 邢文忠; 章林; 许明初; 解颜岩

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.002

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (14) : 12-25. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.002

研究综述

玻璃纤维表面碳基导电涂层制备及应用研究进展

许淼, 邢文忠^*, 章林, 许明初, 解颜岩

作者信息 +

Research Progress of Carbon-based Conductive Coating on Glass Fiber Surface

XU Miao, XING Wenzhong^*, ZHANG Lin, XU Mingchu, XIE Yanyan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

玻璃纤维（GF）因具有高强度、高模量、耐高温、低成本等优点受到关注,但其不导电的特性极大地限制了其在高端新兴技术领域的应用。碳纳米材料作为新兴材料,具有优异的电、磁、光和力学性能,因此在绝缘玻璃纤维表面制备高导电碳层,可赋予其功能性,进一步拓宽玻璃纤维增强复合材料的应用领域。本文系统地从涂层制备方法（如浸渍法、喷涂法、热解法、静电吸附法、电沉积法、化学气相沉积法）,涂层形成机理（包括物理吸附、化学键合、机械锚固）,涂层导电性能（包括玻璃纤维及其增强材料的电导率、电阻率和电阻）,应用领域（如结构检测、电磁屏蔽、电热除冰、能源收集）等方面综述了玻璃纤维表面碳基涂层（碳纳米颗粒层、碳纳米管层、石墨烯及其衍生物）和超级蒙烯材料中蒙烯玻璃纤维的最新研究进展。简单阐述了涂层均一性、厚度以及掺杂等因素对导电性能的影响。综合分析了当前制约碳基导电玻璃纤维规模化生产和实际应用的瓶颈问题及解决策略,并对玻璃纤维表面碳基导电涂层未来的应用前景及研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract

Glass fiber (GF) has been widely used due to its advantages of high tensile strength, high Young's modulus, good high temperature resistance and low cost. However, with the rapid development of high-tech fields like information technology, space technology and new energy technology, the electrical and magnetic properties of materials have become particularly important, but the non-conductive characteristics of glass fiber greatly limit its application in emerging technologies. As materials of great concerns in the new century, carbon nano-materials have excellent electrical and magnetic properties, as well as outstanding optical and mechanical properties. Therefore, the preparation of highly conductive carbon layers on the self-insulating glass fiber surface can not only make it have specific functions, but also further broaden the application field of glass fiber reinforced composite materials. In recent years, researchers have engaged in a great deal of research work on this topic, exploring various aspects comprehensively. In this paper, the latest research on carbon-based coatings (carbon nano-particle layer, carbon nanotube layer, graphene and its derivatives) on the surface of glass fiber and graphene-skinned glass fiber are systematically and comprehensively reviewed. In terms of coating preparation methods, the impregnation method that can achieve large area coating, the spray method that can achieve quick and efficient coating using the spray gun, the pyrolysis method that can obtain carbon-based coating through decomposing raw materials containing carbon, the electrostatic adsorption method that can achieve carbon adsorption by electrostatic interactions, the electrodeposition method that can achieve precise control of coating thickness by electric field, the chemical vapor deposition method that can achieve precise growth of the carbon layer in high temperature and gas environments are introduced. According to the mechanism of coating formation, the bonding of physical adsorption based on the intermolecular force, the action mechanism of chemical grafting through chemical bond, and the stability principle of mechanical anchoring with the help of microstructure fixation are deeply analyzed. In terms of coating conductivity, the variation of key parameters such as conductivity, resistivity and resistance of glass fiber and their reinforcing materials and influencing factors are studied in detail. In terms of application, it comprehensively reviews its application achievements in structural health inspection by using resistance changes in structural testing, effectively resisting electromagnetic interference in electromagnetic shielding, ensuring safe and stable operation of equipment via using electrothermal deicing, and realizing efficient transformation of green energy in energy harvesting. At the same time, the influence mechanism of coating uniformity, thickness and doping on conductivity is discussed. The comprehensive analysis shows that carbon-based conductive glass fiber still faces many bottleneck problems in large-scale production and practical application, such as high preparation cost, low production efficiency, poor product quality stability and so on. This paper puts forward a series of targeted solutions to these problems, including optimizing the preparation process to reduce costs, developing new equipment to improve production efficiency, exploring new material combinations to improve product quality stability and multi-functionality, etc. At the same time, the future application prospects of carbon-based conductive coatings on glass fiber surfaces in emerging fields are prospected in depth, and further research directions are made clear, aiming at promoting the continuous innovation and development of this field, meeting the growing urgent demand for high-performance materials in high-tech.

导出引用

许淼, 邢文忠, 章林, 许明初, 解颜岩. 玻璃纤维表面碳基导电涂层制备及应用研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(14): 12-25 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.002

XU Miao, XING Wenzhong, ZHANG Lin, XU Mingchu, XIE Yanyan. Research Progress of Carbon-based Conductive Coating on Glass Fiber Surface[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(14): 12-25 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.002

中图分类号： TB34

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