目的 研究不同表面处理的35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓在模拟服役工况下的微动疲劳性能。方法 采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、轮廓仪、显微硬度计、金相显微镜等测试手段分析不同表面处理方式对35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓表面完整性的影响,运用步进法对螺栓进行疲劳试验,得到疲劳强度,最后探讨表面完整性与疲劳性能之间的内在联系。结果 采用镀铬、滚压或镀铬后滚压复合处理均能够改善35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓的表面形貌,降低其表面粗糙度,提高其近表层硬度,其中采用滚压或镀铬处理后其表面粗糙度Ra、Rz相较于基材分别降低了87.56%、82.53%,56.70%、62.77%。采用镀铬后滚压处理方式能够改善镀层的致密性,但容易出现表面微裂纹。采用滚压及镀铬后滚压复合处理能够提高35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓的疲劳强度,相较于基材分别提高了14.2%、7.2%,采用镀铬处理则会降低疲劳强度,相较于基材降低了3.9%。结论 疲劳失效形式表现为微动疲劳,通过滚压、镀铬及滚压复合处理给试样带来的粗糙度降低、硬度增大等有利因素,能够有效抑制35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓微动疲劳源的萌生和扩展,提高微动疲劳强度抗力;经镀铬处理后,镀层的致密性较差,且出现了微裂纹,这些是影响微动疲劳抗力的不利因素,有利因素与不利因素共同决定了35Cr2Ni4MoA高强钢螺栓的微动疲劳强度。
Abstract
The work aims to study the micro fatigue performance of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts after different surface treatments under simulated service conditions, so as to improve the fatigue life of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts for helicopter. The effects of different surface treatments on the surface morphology, surface roughness, surface hardness and side microstructure of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-steel bolts were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometer, microhardness tester, and metallurgical electron microscopy and other testing methods. The fatigue test of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-steel bolts was carried out by stepping method, and the fatigue strength of the samples subject to different surface treatment states was calculated after the abnormal data were eliminated by the Nair test method. and finally the intrinsic relationship between the surface integrity and fatigue performance was discussed by combining the surface integrity test results and fatigue test results.
The results indicated that chrome plating, rolling and post-chrome plating roll-pressing composite treatment could improve the surface morphology. After chrome plating, rolling and post-chrome plating, the machining traces on the surface of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts disappeared, the surface of the rolled sample was smooth and the finish was better. The surface roughness Ra and Rz values after the rolling and chrome plating treatments were reduced by 87.56% and 82.53%, 56.70% and 62.77%, respectively, compared to the substrate. The surface of the chromium plated sample had more pores and poor compactness, and the porosity decreased after the composite treatment, but there were microcracks in the local area. The three surface treatment processes could reduce the surface roughness, among which the rolling treatment was the best. The near-surface hardness value of the sample after the composite chrome plating and rolling treatment was the largest, followed by rolling and chrome plated samples and the substrate had the smallest hardness. The fatigue strength of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts increased by 14.2% and 7.2% respectively compared with the base material after rolling and chrome plating, and the fatigue strength of the composite sample increased by 11.4% compared with the chrome plated sample, while the fatigue strength of the substrate was reduced by 3.9% compared with the base material. Combined with the analysis of the microscopic morphology of the fracture side and the content of O elements, it was seen that the fatigue failure mode proposed was micro fatigue, among which the wear was the most serious during the test of chromium plated samples, followed by the composite rolled sample and substrate after chrome plating, and the micro fatigue of the rolled sample was the slightest.
The improvement of the surface finish, the reduction of roughness and the increase of hardness caused by rolling treatment on the surface of the sample can effectively inhibit the initiation and expansion of the micro fatigue source of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts, and improve the micro fatigue strength resistance. After chrome plating treatment, the surface roughness is reduced compared with the base material, and the surface hardness increases, but the compactness of the coating is poor, which leads to the falling off of the coating during the fatigue test, aggravates the micro wear, and highlights unfavorable factors, resulting in the micro fatigue strength lower than that of the base material. The compactness of the coating is improved after the composite treatment, and the favorable factors dominate. Compared with the base material, the fatigue strength is higher, but after the composite treatment, the surface microcracks are easy to cause the initiation and expansion of fatigue sources. The micro fatigue strength of 35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts is lower than that of the rolled sample alone.
关键词
35Cr2Ni4MoA钢螺栓 /
滚压处理 /
镀铬处理 /
疲劳试验 /
微动疲劳 /
步进法
Key words
35Cr2Ni4MoA high-strength steel bolts /
rolling treatment /
chrome plating treatment /
fatigue test /
micro motion wear /
stepping method
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