目的 研究不同超声滚压参数下2024-T3铝合金表面完整性的变化规律,并研究超声滚压处理对其疲劳性能的影响规律,为提升航空铝合金构件的表面完整性和疲劳强度提供依据。方法 使用超声滚压设备对铝合金试样进行强化处理,通过旋转弯曲疲劳性能试验,分析不同工艺参数下铝合金试样超声滚压处理前后的表面粗糙度、表层微观组织、表面硬度、硬化层深度和残余应力,并研究铝合金超声滚压处理的强化改性机理。结果 经超声滚压后,试样的表面粗糙度均远低于原始试样,其最低粗糙度达到0.197 μm,降幅达到85.6%;表面硬度最高达到192.47HV,与原始试样相比提高了57.6%。经超声滚压后,试样表层发生了明显的塑性流变和晶粒细化现象,未滚压原始晶粒的平均尺寸为36.68 μm,而经超声滚压后表层晶粒的平均尺寸为10.28 μm。经超声滚压后铝合金试样的疲劳强度从130 MPa提高至180 MPa,提高幅度约为38.5%。在相同应力水平下,试样的疲劳寿命比原始试样提高7倍,原始试样的裂纹源位于试样表面,而经超声滚压后试样的疲劳源萌生于次表层。结论 随着超声滚压静压力的增大,试样的表面粗糙度先减小后增大,但均远低于原始试样。试样的表面硬度、硬化层深度、残余压应力均随着静压力的增大而增大。经过超声滚压后,铝合金试样的疲劳强度大幅提高。
Abstract
Aviation manufacturing industry is a unique branch of the manufacturing industry. Its technical level and production capacity can represent the highest manufacturing level and technical strength of a country. It plays a vital role in the modernization of national economy and national defense. 2024 aluminum alloy is widely used in structural components of aircraft due to its low density and high strength. If fatigue failure occurs, it will seriously affect the flight safety of aircraft. As a new type of surface strengthening technology, ultrasonic rolling technology has gradually attracted people's attention because of its advantages of high processing efficiency and good surface quality. In this paper, the variation of surface integrity of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy under different ultrasonic rolling parameters is studied, and the influence of ultrasonic rolling treatment on its fatigue property is studied, to provide a basis for improving the surface integrity and fatigue strength of aviation aluminum alloy components. Firstly, the aluminum alloy samples are strengthened by ultrasonic rolling equipment. The treated aluminum alloy samples are observed and measured by LEICA DCM3D microscope, SUPRA55 field emission scanning electron microscope and i-XRD X-ray stress tester. The surface roughness, surface microstructure, surface hardness, hardened layer depth and residual stress of aluminum alloy samples before and after ultrasonic rolling treatment under different process parameters are analyzed, and a rotary bending fatigue property test is carried out. The influence of ultrasonic rolling treatment on the fatigue life of the samples is compared and analyzed, and the strengthening and modification mechanism of aluminum alloy ultrasonic rolling treatment is studied. The results show that the surface roughness of the samples after ultrasonic rolling is much lower than that of the original samples, and the lowest roughness reaches 0.197 μm, with a decrease of 85.6%. The surface hardness of the sample after ultrasonic rolling treatment is up to 192.47HV, which is 57.6% higher than that of the original sample. After ultrasonic rolling, the surface metal of the sample has obvious plastic rheology and grain refinement. The average grain size of the original sample without ultrasonic rolling is 36.68 μm, while the average grain size of the strict surface layer after ultrasonic rolling is 10.28 μm. After ultrasonic rolling, the fatigue strength of aluminum alloy samples increased from 130 MPa to 180 MPa, with an increase of 38.5%. At the same stress level, the fatigue life of the ultrasonic rolling treated sample is 7 times higher than that of the original sample. It can be seen from the fracture analysis of the sample that the crack source of the original sample is located on the surface of the sample, while the fatigue source of the sample after ultrasonic rolling is originated from the subsurface. After ultrasonic rolling treatment, the roughness of the sample is greatly reduced, and the surface hardness, hardened layer depth and residual compressive stress of the sample are greatly increased. The combined effect of these aspects greatly improves the fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy sample after ultrasonic rolling.
关键词
2024-T3铝合金 /
超声滚压处理 /
粗糙度 /
硬度 /
微观组织 /
疲劳强度
Key words
2024-T3 aluminum alloy /
ultrasonic rolling process /
roughness /
hardness /
microstructure /
fatigue strength
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基金
航空科学基金（20200036064001）
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