Mo含量对18Ni300熔覆层耐磨性和强度的影响

董刚; 王建鹏; 齐欢; 蒋智月; 胡勇; 姚喆赫; 姚建华

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.011

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (13) : 121-134. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.011

激光表面改性技术

Mo含量对18Ni300熔覆层耐磨性和强度的影响

董刚^1a,1b, 王建鹏^1a,2, 齐欢³, 蒋智月^1a,1b, 胡勇^1a,1b, 姚喆赫^1a,1b, 姚建华^1a,1b*

作者信息 +

Effect of Mo Content on Wear Resistance and Strength of 18Ni300 Cladding Layer

DONG Gang^1a,1b, WANG Jianpeng^1a,2, QI Huan³, JIANG Zhiyue^1a,1b, HU Yong^1a,1b, YAO Zhehe^1a,1b, YAO Jianhua^1a,1b*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的研究钼（Mo）含量对18Ni300激光熔覆固溶时效、沉积态18Ni300组织及力学性能的影响。进一步提高18Ni300马氏体钢的耐磨性和强度。方法通过混合Mo粉末和18Ni300球形粉末,采用激光熔覆技术制备不同Mo含量（质量分数分别为0%、3%、5%）的熔覆层后,得到沉积态和经固溶（840 ℃/1 h）+时效处理（450 ℃/5 h）后的熔覆层,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、金相显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、摩擦磨损机等设备对18Ni300熔覆层的物相组成、元素分布及力学性能进行表征。结果在沉积态下,随着钼含量的增加,胞状组织的晶界逐渐变细,熔覆层的硬度由378HV0.3升至478HV0.3,摩擦因数从0.490降至0.398,抗拉强度从708 MPa升至1 023 MPa。在Mo的质量分数为3%时,熔覆层的抗拉强度最大,为1 127 MPa,平均晶粒尺寸由0.88 μm降至0.56 μm。经固溶时效处理后,枝晶基本消失,各元素在晶体内部分布更加均匀,摩擦因数从0.382降至0.261,抗拉强度从879 MPa提升至1 140 MPa。在Mo的质量分数为3%时,熔覆层的抗拉强度最大,为1 340 MPa。结论无论是通过沉积态处理,还是采用固溶时效处理,在18Ni300中增加适量的Mo元素均能够析出较多的强化相Ni₃Mo,进一步提升18Ni300马氏体钢的耐磨性能、抗拉强度。

Abstract

18Ni300 maraging steel, as a high-alloy low-carbon ultra-high strength steel, not only exhibits extremely high strength and toughness, but also possesses excellent cold and hot working properties, making it a significant material in the field of materials science and engineering. This study aims to investigate the effects of different Mo contents on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding-solution treatment-aging and conventionally formed 18Ni300 cladding layers, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of 18Ni300 and providing a new application perspective for 18Ni300 in the industry. This experiment employs laser cladding technology to produce cladding layers with three different molybdenum contents (0%, 3%, 5%) under both as-deposited and solution treatment-aging (840 ℃/1 h) + aging treatment (450 ℃/5 h) conditions. The heat treatment tests are conducted in a high-temperature box furnace with a heating rate of 15 ℃/min. Subsequently, the phase composition, element distribution, and performance of the cladding layers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, metallographic microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and friction and wear testing machine. The effects of different heat treatment methods on mechanical properties are analyzed through tensile fracture morphology, wear tracks, performance characterization, and the segregation behavior of elements under different molybdenum contents.
In the as-deposited state, as the molybdenum (Mo) content gradually increases, the cellular structure grain boundaries become finer, and the coating hardness increases from 378HV0.3 to 478HV0.3. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.490 to 0.398, and the strength increases from 708 MPa to 1 023 MPa. When the Mo content is 3%, the ultimate tensile strength reaches its maximum of 1 127 MPa. The average grain size decreases from 0.88 μm to 0.56 μm. After solution and aging treatment, the dendrites basically disappear, and the distribution of various elements within the grains becomes more uniform. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.382 to 0.261, and the tensile strength increases from 879 MPa to 1 140 MPa. When the Mo content is 3%, the tensile strength reaches its maximum of 1 340 MPa. In the as-deposited state, 18Ni300 exhibits poor wear resistance and high friction coefficient, with abrasion and fatigue being the main wear mechanisms. Increasing Mo to 5% shifts the wear mechanisms predominantly to abrasion with minor brittle spalling. After solution and aging treatment, further increase in the Mo content results in the wear mechanisms transitioning from light abrasion, fatigue, and adhesion to mostly abrasion and adhesion. Regardless of whether it is normal forming or solution treatment + aging treatment, the dispersion strengthening of secondary phases is the main factor for the improvement of tensile strength and friction and wear properties. With the increase of the Mo content, the alloy's wear resistance and tensile strength are enhanced, providing broader possibilities for the alloy in various industrial applications. This paper prepares cladding layers with different Mo contents by mixing spherical Mo powder and 18Ni300 powder. By studying the changes in friction properties and tensile strength with the Mo content under normal forming and solution-aging conditions, high wear resistance and high strength cladding layers are obtained.

导出引用

董刚, 王建鹏, 齐欢, 蒋智月, 胡勇, 姚喆赫, 姚建华. Mo含量对18Ni300熔覆层耐磨性和强度的影响[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(13): 121-134 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.011

DONG Gang, QI Huan, JIANG Zhiyue, HU Yong, YAO Zhehe, YAO Jianhua. Effect of Mo Content on Wear Resistance and Strength of 18Ni300 Cladding Layer[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(13): 121-134 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.011

中图分类号： TG154

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