轮轨界面摩擦模型与黏着调控技术的研究进展

徐梦楠; 王文健; 宋辛辛; 程家豪; 张沭玥; 丁昊昊; 郭俊

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.001

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (13) : 1-15. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.001

研究综述

轮轨界面摩擦模型与黏着调控技术的研究进展

徐梦楠^a, 王文健^a,b*, 宋辛辛^a, 程家豪^a, 张沭玥^a,b, 丁昊昊^a,b, 郭俊^a,b

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Friction Models of Wheel-rail Interface and Adhesion Control Technologies

XU Mengnan^a, WANG Wenjian^a,b*, SONG Xinxin^a, CHENG Jiahao^a, ZHANG Shuyue^a,b, DING Haohao^a,b, GUO Jun^a,b

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

轮轨黏着系数是列车牵引与制动性能的核心影响因素,针对基于轮轨界面摩擦模型的黏着计算和轮轨黏着调控技术进行深入研究,对于保障列车运行的安全、稳定与高效至关重要。全面综述了轮轨界面摩擦模型和黏着调控技术的研究进展。首先,阐述了轮轨黏着现象及其对列车运行的重要性,黏着系数过高或不足均会对列车性能产生不利影响。其次,回顾了轮轨界面摩擦因数模型的发展历程,从早期的库仑摩擦因数模型到更为复杂的衰减模型和大蠕滑摩擦因数模型,分析了各模型的优缺点及适用性。在黏着调控技术方面,重点介绍了机车防滑控制技术和撒砂增黏技术,探讨了其工作原理、应用效果及存在的问题。此外,展望了未来的研究方向,包括结合先进试验设备和方法深入探究大蠕滑黏着恢复机理,构建精准摩擦因数模型;高效利用车辆实时数据,持续提升黏着控制系统自适应性和鲁棒性,精细化撒砂增黏技术,优化撒砂装置和颗粒性能。旨在为相关科研人员和工程技术人员提供参考,推动轮轨黏着相关技术的发展,满足铁路运输日益增长的安全和效率需求。

Abstract

As the core factor affecting the traction and braking performance of trains, the in-depth research on the modeling and control technologies of the wheel/rail adhesion coefficient is of vital importance for ensuring the safety, stability and high efficiency of train operation. The work aims to comprehensively review the research progress of the wheel/rail adhesion coefficient modeling and control technologies.
Firstly, the wheel/rail adhesion phenomenon and its significance for train operation are expounded. Both excessively high and insufficient adhesion coefficients will have adverse effects on train performance. Secondly, the development history of the wheel/rail interface friction coefficient models is reviewed. From the early Coulomb friction coefficient model to the more complex attenuation models and large creep friction coefficient models, the large creep friction coefficient model can better fit the test results. However, the existing models still have limitations, such as being overly empirical, having insufficient understanding of the physical processes, failing to fully consider the impact of complex factors, and having limited universality and accuracy. In terms of the adhesion control technologies, the locomotive anti-slip control technology and the sanding enhanced adhesion technology are mainly introduced. The locomotive anti-slip control technology includes the re-adhesion control and the optimal adhesion control. The former has a fast response and mature technology, but its accuracy is not satisfactory under complex working conditions. Although the latter can explore the adhesion peak point to improve the utilization rate, its practical application faces problems such as difficulties in measuring the adhesion coefficient. Regarding the sanding enhanced adhesion technology, there are many research results in aspects such as the adhesion increasing mechanism, the effects under different media, the particle characteristics and the impact of sanding parameters. However, it is still necessary to finely regulate the sanding operation according to specific working conditions to achieve the best effect.
In the future, on the one hand, it is necessary to use advanced test equipment and methods to deeply explore the large creep adhesion recovery mechanism and build accurate friction coefficient models, strengthen the multi-physical field coupling numerical simulation and incorporate multiple factors into the models and use data-driven methods to mine the adhesion laws and combine intelligent algorithms to build adaptive wheel/rail adhesion models. On the other hand, there is a need to continuously improve the adaptability and robustness of the adhesion control system, integrate the wheel-rail dynamics models with real-time data to achieve efficient adhesion utilization and precise torque control, conduct in-depth research on the details of the sanding anti-slip technology and optimize the sanding devices and particle performance to ensure the stable operation of trains under complex working conditions. The study can provide references for relevant scientific researchers and engineering technicians, promote the continuous development of wheel/rail adhesion related technologies, and meet the growing safety and efficiency requirements of railway transportation.

导出引用

徐梦楠, 王文健, 宋辛辛, 程家豪, 张沭玥, 丁昊昊, 郭俊. 轮轨界面摩擦模型与黏着调控技术的研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(13): 1-15 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.001

XU Mengnan, WANG Wenjian, SONG Xinxin, CHENG Jiahao, ZHANG Shuyue, DING Haohao, GUO Jun. Research Progress on Friction Models of Wheel-rail Interface and Adhesion Control Technologies[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(13): 1-15 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.001

中图分类号： U211.5

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