目的 利用低压电穿孔技术杀灭流动空气中的细菌。低压电穿孔技术依赖于尖端的放电效应，通过表面功能改性制备纳米尖端材料实现高效空气杀菌。方法 通过热氧化和化学刻蚀2种手段对泡沫铜表面处理，探究氧化铜(CuO)纳米线生长差异和条件。通过将聚苯胺(PANI)沉积在氧化铜纳米线上，构筑C-CuO/PANI纳米线杀菌材料，提高纳米线导电性和稳定性，并作为导电电极测试通电条件下的杀菌效果。结果 证明碱性刻蚀法能制备均匀致密且稳定性良好的CuO纳米线。CuO和PANI二者复合形成的P-P同质结可以极大地促进电负载条件下载流子与空穴的产生，提高电催化效率。同时将杀菌材料装载至电场杀菌装置，在10 V交流电压、1 m/s的工作流速下实现了99%以上的灭菌率。通过活性氧染色和EPR证明了胞内活性氧和胞外.OH、.O2^?的存在。杀菌机理是纳米线尖端的局部增强电场导致的电穿孔效应以及活性氧对细菌的强氧化。结论 为空气净化提供了一种节能高效的方式。

The polluted air is easy to breed harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses which exist in biological aerosols and enter the human body through respiratory contact, seriously threatening people‘s health. Common disinfection methods include ultraviolet irradiation, heating, plasma treatment, bactericide, etc., which are difficult to be used on a large scale in real life because of high cost and great side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe, energy-saving and efficient way to improve air quality. The work aims to propose an energy-saving and environmental-friendly air purification method, which uses electroporation technology to realize efficient inactivation of bacteria in flowing air. Electroporation means that under the stimulation of ultra-high voltage electric field, the permeability of cell membrane changes and the irreversible perforation occurs, which leads to the death of bacteria. This method is energy-intensive and dangerous. Based on this, low-voltage electroporation technology avoids the above shortcomings, and relies on the tip discharge effect of nanowires to realize local high-voltage electric field at the tip of nanowires under low voltage input. This electric field amplification effect can usually increase the electric field by several orders of magnitude. In this work, the surface of copper foam was treated by thermal oxidation and chemical etching, and the in-situ growth differences and conditions of nanowires were explored. The results showed that the size of nanowires grown by thermal oxidation was small and uneven, and nanowires with good morphology were obtained at 400 ℃. Copper oxide nanowires with uniform density and good stability were prepared by alkali etching. In order to further improve the conductivity and mechanical stability of nanowires, polyaniline was deposited on the surface of copper oxide nanowires, and a C-CuO/PANI nanowire bactericidal material was constructed. The P-P homogeneous junction formed by the combination of CuO and PANI could greatly promote the generation of carriers and holes under the condition of electric load and improve the electrocatalytic efficiency. It was proved by impedance test that the conductivity of C-CuO/PANI nanowire sterilization material was improved. At the same time, the sterilization material was put into the electric field sterilization device, and the sterilization rate of air was 99% at 12 V AC voltage and 1 m/s working flow rate. It had an efficient bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In order to explore the sterilization mechanism, it is necessary to verify the sterilization mechanism other than electroporation effect. Reactive oxygen species staining and electron paramagnetic resonance confirm the existence of intracellular reactive oxygen species and extracellular .OH. This shows that the conduction band position of the formed P-P heterojunction is negative enough. Under the applied voltage, after the electron transition at the conduction band, the energy carried by the holes can effectively oxidize H2O into .OH. The sterilization mechanism of C-CuO/PANI nanowire sterilization material is caused by the electroporation effect caused by the local enhanced electric field at the tip of the nanowires and the strong oxidation of bacteria by active oxygen. This work provides an energy-saving and efficient way for air purification.