目的 提高水润滑轴承的承载性能和减摩性能。方法 在水润滑轴承表面设计不同形状的海洋贝类织构，基于流固耦合理论对仿生水润滑轴承进行研究，分析织构形状、织构位置、织构密度及织构轴向分布率对轴承润滑特性的影响。结果 通过比较仿生轴承和光滑轴承，发现具有仿生织构的轴承承载力显著提高，且泥蚶织构轴承的承载力最大(78.76 N)。3种海洋贝类织构形状差异会影响微动压效应，泥蚶织构、菲律宾蛤仔织构和文蛤织构使得水膜“高压区”分别呈现“子弹形”“U形”和“圆斑形”。织构密度的增加可提升轴承的承载能力和减摩效果，在讨论的织构密度中，当织构密度为34.7%时，增载减摩性能最优。随着织构轴向分布率的增大，产生微动压效应的区域由轴承中部向两端逐步扩展，分布率达到90%时，最大水膜压力可提升19.45%且摩擦因数低于0.01进入“超低摩擦”状态。结论 与其他2种贝类织构相比，泥蚶织构对水润滑轴承性能的提升最大，且织构分布于光滑轴承主承载区“下游”位置最能发挥织构的附加动压效应，织构密度和轴向分布率的增大均能提升轴承的承载性能及减摩性能。

The work aims to improve the load-carrying capacity and friction reduction performance of water-lubricated bearings. Different shapes of marine shellfish textures are designed on the surface of water-lubricated bearings. Based on the fluid-structure interaction theory, a study is conducted on biomimetic water-lubricated bearings to analyze the effects of texture shape, texture location, texture density, and axial distribution rate of textures on lubrication characteristics of bearings. The study aims to determine the optimal texture shape for water-lubricated bearings by comparing their load-bearing capacity and friction reduction performance. Once the texture shape is identified, the study focuses on investigating how the texture location affects the lubrication performance of water-lubricated bearings. With the texture location clarified, the effects of texture density on performance are investigated, followed by analyzing the effects of texture axial distribution rate on the load-bearing capacity and friction reduction performance of water-lubricated bearings. From the experimental results, by comparing biomimetic textured and smooth non-textured water-lubricated bearings, it is evident that, bearings with biomimetic textures have enhanced load-bearing capacity, with the tegillarca granosa texture bearing exhibiting the highest load capacity (78.76 N). In terms of friction reduction, biomimetic water-lubricated bearings still outperform smooth water-lubricated bearings, with the biomimetic tegillarca granosa texture showing the most significant reduction in friction force (0.85 N) and friction coefficient (0.010 8). The shape differences among three marine shellfish textures affect the micro dynamic pressure effect, with tegillarca granosa, ruditapes philippinarum and meretrix meretrix textures creating "bullet-shaped", At the same time, under this texture axial distribution rate, the load-carrying capacity of biomimetic water-lubricated bearings is significantly enhanced compared to that of smooth water-lubricated bearings. Therefore, compared to the other two types of marine shellfish textures, the texture of the tegillarca granosa contributes the most to enhancing the performance of water-lubricated bearings. When the texture is located "downstream" in the main load-carrying area of the smooth bearings, it maximizes the additional hydrodynamic pressure effect. Increasing the texture density and axial distribution rate enhances the load-carrying capacity and friction reduction performance of bearings.