大型水轮发电机组是水电站的强劲心脏，是水电能源转换、保障电力系统稳定、提升电能质量的核心装备，其长效稳定运行极大依赖转轮、定/转子、推力轴承等核心部件的性能发挥。然而，水轮发电机组的复杂苛刻服役环境极易对上述部件造成严重的表面损伤，这对整个机组的安全提出了巨大挑战。表面工程技术能显著提升材料的表面综合性能、赋予特定的表面功能特性，是对水轮发电机组关键部件进行表面强化和延寿的重要途径。以水轮发电机组的关键部件表面损伤为导向，从实际需求出发系统性论述了典型表面工程技术在水电行业的应用进展和前景。重点分析了过流部件的表面防腐、定/转子部件的绝缘防晕、转子上方管路的凝露、转轮空蚀、导叶磨蚀、大型部件的缺陷修复、镜板表面研磨、轴瓦乌金修复等水轮发电机组的典型表面失效难题，并从以往的工程实践和先进科研成果2个方向，总结了通过环氧涂料、石墨烯复合涂料、氧化铝绝缘涂料、超疏水涂料、磁控溅射涂层、物理气相沉积涂层、表面喷涂修复和表面高能改性等表面工程技术解决上述问题的进展和挑战。

The large hydrogenerator is the powerful heart of a hydropower station, serving as the core equipment for hydropower energy conversion, ensuring the stability of the national power system and enhancing the quality of electrical power. The stable and safe operation of a hydrogenerator depends greatly on the performance of core components such as the runner, rotor and thrust bearings which usually work under harsh conditions, including water erosion, environmental corrosion, bio-corrosion, strong magnetic and electrical fields, high speed and high stress. Thus, serious damages can be easily caused on the surfaces of these components. Surface engineering techniques, which can obviously improve the surface properties of the material, have provided an effective approach for strengthening the surface and extending the life of key components of hydrogenerator units.