生物污损在船舶及海洋工程、食品工程、医疗卫生等领域广泛存在，造成了严重危害及巨大经济损失，成为亟须解决的难题之一。受猪笼草启发的液体注入表面(LIS)具有优异的疏液性、超低黏附性、自修复性，且绿色、无毒，在防污领域具有较好的应用前景，成为当前的研究热点之一。介绍了LIS表面的构建原则和制备方法，包括LIS制备过程中基底选择和制备工艺，基底修饰剂的选择和化学改性方法，润滑剂的选择及注入工艺等。综述了LIS表面在防污领域的最新应用研究进展。最后，指出了目前LIS表面应用研究中存在的问题，并提出了进一步研究的建议，旨在为发展高效、绿色、广谱的防污表面提供参考。

Biofouling is widespread in the fields of ship and marine engineering, food engineering, medical treatment and health, causing serious harm and huge economic loss, and becoming one of the urgent problems to be solved. The liquid-infused surface (LIS) inspired by pitcher plants has excellent hydrophobicity, ultra-low adhesion, self-healing, green and non-toxicity, which has become a hot research topic in the field of antifouling. The construction mechanism and preparation method of liquid-infused surface (LIS) were introduced, including substrate selection and preparation process, substrate modifier selection and chemical modification method, lubricating fluid selection and lubricating fluid infused process. The rough micro-nano substrates were used as storage containers for lubricant, which absorbed, stored and locked lubricant through capillary force and van der Waals force. In recent years, many preparation methods for LIS substrates have been introduced in the literature. The preparation of substrates should consider the storage and durability of lubricants, preparation efficiency, cost, and other factors. For example, the smaller the rough porous structure of the substrate, the greater the capillary force, and the higher the porosity of the substrate, the greater the lubricant storage capacity. The chemical modification of the substrate is mainly to reduce the surface energy of the substrate, improve the chemical affinity between the substrate and the lubricant, and make the lubricant fully spread and store on the surface of the substrate under the action of capillary force. In practical application, it is necessary to select the modifier with good matching with substrate and lubricant and excellent comprehensive performance according to the use environment of LIS. The selection of lubricants should take into account factors such as immiscibility with the infused liquid, surface energy, viscosity, vapor pressure, chemical inertness, environmental friendliness, and environmental stability. In addition, the infused process of lubricant will also affect the lubrication performance and durability. The latest research progress of LIS in the field of antifouling is reviewed. In the field of ship and marine engineering, traditional antifouling materials mainly inhibit or eliminate fouling organisms by releasing heavy metal ions or toxic chemicals, which will harm the marine ecological environment and damage human health in the long term. The liquid-infused surface (LIS) has the advantages of high efficiency and non-toxicity due to its hydrophobic and ultra-low adhesion to prevent the attachment and fouling of marine organisms. In recent years, researchers have tried to improve the durability of LIS by improving the vulnerability of substrate, increasing the complexity of substrate structure, and considering the intelligent response release of lubricant. In the field of food engineering, disinfectants that release large amounts of chlorine are commonly used to disinfect or sterilize food contact supplies, which are neither environmentally friendly nor durable. LIS has obvious advantages in inhibiting or minimizing the adhesion and growth of bacteria and foodborne microorganisms due to its inherent antifouling and non-chemical antibacterial functions. In recent years, researchers have designed and prepared LIS by combining environmental protection, degradability, and low cost. In the medical treatment and health field, the medical equipment directly in contact with the human body may cause serious consequences such as wound infection and vascular blockage due to contamination. The low adhesion and super-lubricity of the liquid-infused surface (LIS) provides resistance for most biological fluids and prevents the adhesion and reproduction of various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi on the surface. In recent years, researchers have designed and prepared various new medical anti-fouling liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) considering biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity, and non-allergic reaction. Problems in preparing liquid-infused surfaces, such as the complicated production process, high cost, easy loss of lubricant, and non-durability, have been pointed out. Some views on liquid-infused surface research and utility are put forward, such as designing a more simple and efficient preparation process to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency, preparing a more novel and robust porous rough substrate that can control the release and storage of lubricants, reducing or delaying lubricant loss with intelligent response release and choosing more green and biocompatible materials to prepare liquid-infused surface (LIS). The work aims to provide a reference for the development of economical, efficient, green, and broad-spectrum antifouling surfaces.