当微生物附着于金属表面，其细胞活动及代谢产物对金属造成的腐蚀影响称为微生物腐蚀(Microbiological Influenced Corrosion, MIC)，而硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-reducing Bacteria, SRB)被认为是较具代表性的腐蚀性细菌之一。自然界中微生物并不孤立存在，而是多种微生物通过分泌胞外聚合物、群体感应等机制形成生物膜(Biofilm)共同定植在基体表面，这也是微生物腐蚀区别于其他腐蚀形式的重要结构。在混合微生物共存环境中，复杂的种间关系对金属材料可能造成比单一微生物更为严重的腐蚀破坏。针对生物膜及锈层中典型腐蚀微生物种间相互作用致金属腐蚀现象，分别论述了生物膜形成过程、影响微生物成膜的生物与非生物因素、生物膜结构特征及与微生物腐蚀的相关性，系统地对实海金属锈层测序分析发现的典型微生物种间相互作用关系及其影响下的腐蚀机制进行讨论，包括藻菌体系、铁氧化菌(IOB)与SRB、产甲烷古菌(MA)与SRB等。最后总结了腐蚀微生物种间相互作用的研究方法，并对后续研究的发展方向进行了展望。

Metals will be affected by environmental corrosion and at the same time, microorganisms will be attached to the surface of the metal. The microbial cellular activity and metabolic products of the metal caused by the corrosion effects are known as Microbiological Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Biofilm is the main place where microbial corrosion occurs, but also an important form of microbial survival, providing microorganisms with better environmental conditions than planktonic growth. The microbial corrosion is different from other forms of corrosion of the important structure. Biofilm is an important form of survival for microorganisms and the main place where microbial corrosion occurs, which consists of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial cells. Biofilms provide microorganisms with environmental conditions that are superior to those of planktonic growth, significantly enhancing the bonding of individual organisms, providing better environmental stability, and protection from biocidal agents. In most cases, there is not only one microorganism within the biofilm, but also a complex microbial community formed by multiple microorganisms, in which there is an interrelationship between the species, i.e., two or more organisms coexist in the same space and are interconnected, and such interspecies interactions complicate the microbial corrosion mechanism within the biofilm and may exacerbate the corrosion. In contrast to single-species biofilms, multi-species biofilms have a wide range of microbial corrosive mechanisms. Compared with biofilms formed by a single species, multi-species biofilms are widespread in nature and show higher stability. Biofilm formation is a complex dynamic process that includes attachment, colony formation, biofilm maturation, and biofilm dispersion. Among them, the attachment of microorganisms to the substrate surface is the longest and most critical process, which determines the stability and structural characteristics of the biofilm. Biofilm development is a combination of adhesion of organic and/or inorganic macromolecules, production of extracellular polymers, and microbial growth and reproduction. In a mixed microbial coexistence environment, the complex interspecies relationship may cause more serious corrosion damage to metal materials than a single microorganism. SRB are considered to be the most representative corrosive bacteria due to their destructive properties and the wide range of their existence, and at the same time, it is more common for other microorganisms in the biofilm to affect corrosion due to the existence of an interactive relationship with the SRB, such as the typical microbial coexistence system, algae-bacteria system. Although SRB and algae are in different ecological positions, the two indirectly play a key role in the sulfur cycle of the earth, while the common corrosive effect of algae and aerobic corrosive bacteria should not be ignored. Iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and SRB in the biofilm are in different positions, but the anaerobic environment formed by the IOB provides an excellent environment for SRB to live in, and the common corrosive effects are much greater than monobacterial system. For methanogenic archaea (MA) and SRB, this type of coexistence system has only been gradually concerned in recent years and both are anaerobic microorganisms. SRB provides key metabolic mediators for MA, and the corrosion caused by this system is more serious through indirect interspecies electron transfer. Currently, the main research of biofilm corrosion focuses on metabolic activities, group sensing and mitigation strategies, but there are many defects and unsolved problems, such as how to determine the specific role of different microorganisms within the biofilm and their contribution to the corrosion process. In the future, it is necessary to continue to explore the interaction between different corrosive microorganisms under the membrane of metallic materials and the mechanism of corrosion behavior under the effect of the membrane, in order to provide a theoretical basis closer to the real environment for the development of corrosion fouling protection technology.