在“双碳”政策下，绿色能源在能源体系中的占比越来越大。风力发电以其原料来源广、污染少、发电量大等优点成为国家重点发展的方向之一。随着风力发电的快速发展，风力发电机覆冰问题愈发凸显。为了解决这一问题，研究人员基于生物仿生学开发了具有优异防除冰性能的超疏水涂层，并广泛应用。目前，防止风机结冰最常用和最直接的方法是主动加热技术。综述了风力发电机覆冰的基本理论，介绍了覆冰产生的原因及危害，将覆冰抽象为过冷水滴在下降过程中撞击风力发电机叶片并黏附在叶片上，与叶片表面发生复杂热交换后凝结成冰的模型。概述了目前国内外常用的风力发电机防除冰方法，分析了不同被动和主动防除冰技术的优缺点。通过研究工程应用案例发现，单一的被动或主动防除冰技术存在防除冰能力有限、能耗高、效率低等问题，将不同的防除冰技术组合使用、互相补充，更能满足多样化实践需求，成为目前研究的热点和重点。在优化当前防除冰技术的基础上，采用组合防除冰技术具有良好的发展前景。

ed as a model in which supercooled water droplets hit the wind turbine blades during the descent process and successfully adhered to the blades, and then conducted complex heat exchange with the blade surfaces and finally condensed into ice. The phenomenon of wind turbine icing was Abstracted as a model. In the descending process, supercooled water droplets hit the wind turbine blades and attached to the blades, where they exchanged heat with the blade surfaces in a very complicated way and then condensed into ice. In the next place, the commonly used anti-icing and deicing methods for wind turbines at home and abroad were outlined. Then the advantages and disadvantages of different passive and active anti-icing and deicing techniques and their application range were analyzed and compared in detail. Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent anti-icing and deicing properties developed by researchers based on biomimicry studies have gained wide application. Active heating is currently the most direct and the most widely used method of preventing wind turbines from icing. Research cases and engineering applications show that the existing single passive or active anti-icing and deicing technology has limited anti-icing and deicing capacity, high energy consumption, low efficiency and other serious problems. A serious problem with using only superhydrophobic coatings is that ice buildup is difficult to handle once it is formed. Active heating can de-ice very directly, but it consumes high energy and wastes resources; while mechanical de-icing is low-cost but inefficient. Although active de-icing is mostly used, some of its methods are technically immature and may be developed in the future. Researchers use the combination of different anti-icing technologies and the complementarity of different methods to better meet the diversified needs of practice and solve the icing problem of wind turbines in different complex environments. This makes the combination strategy become the hot spot and focus of current research. Based on the optimization of the current anti-icing and deicing technology, the combined anti-icing and deicing technology has a good development prospect and the challenge will be gradually solved.