目的 使外科手术器械表面具有超疏水功能，有效防止感染，解决医疗器械的清洁问题，降低设备维护成本。方法 通过电火花线切割(WEDM)复合纳秒激光烧蚀在3Cr13不锈钢表面制备了亚毫米/微米多级复合织构表面，随后在表面上制备了1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶液(PFDS)自组装超疏水涂层。利用台式扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察复合织构表面形貌特征，使用接触角测量仪对水滴与复合织构表面的接触状态进行观察，并测量水滴的接触角与滚动角。利用表界面张力仪对多级织构表面黏附力进行表征。结果 微米沟槽在亚毫米齿槽斜面上均布且不同高度的沟槽形状一致，方向与齿槽平行。水滴与齿槽阵列表面为Wenzel模型接触，水滴与多级结构表面为Cassie-Baxter模型接触。齿槽阵列试样最大黏附力为164.1 μN，最小黏附力为123.5 μN，多级织构试样的黏附力分别为77.2、47、24.1 μN。结论 微米沟槽的存在改变了水滴接触状态，在亚毫米尺度上水滴与表面的接触状态由Wenzel状态转为Cassie-Baxter状态，有效改善了水滴的接触性能与滚动性能。多级织构试样齿槽顶角的减小，有效减小了固液接触面积，水滴接触角最大为163.2°。

With the increasing number of surgeries and medical procedures, surgical instruments are frequently used and exposed to various environments probably leading to rustiness and wear. In addition, the blood and tissue residues in surgical instruments are difficult to be cleaned, which results in the aggregation of bacteria and microorganisms, causing infection at patients‘ wound. A secondary microstructure at the mouth of hemostatic forceps can change the forceps surface wettability, inhibit blood residue, reduce bacterial adhesion, and improve cleaning efficiency of the instrument. Therefore, constructing super-hydrophobic surfaces on surgical instruments is of great significance for research and industry. In this study, a submillimeter/micron-scale multilevel-structured surface was prepared on the surface of a 3Cr13 stainless steel using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) composite nanosecond laser ablation. A self-assembled 1H,1H,2H,2H-perflfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) coating was further applied to downgrade the surface energy. The surface morphology and wettability of the samples were characterized and tested with a scanning electron microscope and a contact angle meter. Micron grooves were uniformly distributed on the inclined surface of submillimeter grooves, and the shapes of grooves at different heights were consistent, with directions parallel to the grooves. The effect of the surface wettability of the structure was investigated at both submillimeter and micron scales. The microgrooves on the surfaces of the samples changed the contact state of the droplet from the Wenzel model to the Cassie–Baxter model, which effectively improved the rolling performance of the droplet. A surface tension meter was used to evaluate the adhesion force curve of the droplet on the surface of the sample. The maximum adhesion force of the tooth groove array sample was 164.1 μN, whereas the minimum adhesion force was 123.5 μN. The adhesion forces of the samples with multilevel structure were 77.2, 47, and 24.1 μN. There was a strong positive correlation between the rolling angle of the specimens and adhesion force. The adhesion force and rolling angle of the multilevel-structured sample with a vertex angle of 60° were the largest, whereas the adhesion force and rolling angle of the multilevel-structured sample with a vertex angle of 120° were the smallest. The results of this study revealed the solid-liquid adhesion mechanism on the tooth groove surface, which had important theoretical and practical value for the design and manufacture of new surgical medical devices. The effects of the sub-millimeter tooth groove apex angle and tooth groove depth on wettability were studied, and the influence of microgrooves on the contact state between the droplet and sample was studied, providing insight into complex planar hydrophobic mechanisms. The results showed that the contact area between the droplet and the surface changed from an integral contact area to multiple discontinuous areas of micro-grooves, which increased the three-phase contact line between the droplet and the surface. The Wenzel model contact between the droplet and sample changed to the Cassie-Baxter model contact and remained stable. The multilevel structure reduced the surface adhesion. Compared with the tooth groove array surface with a similar vertex angle, the adhesion of the 120° multilevel structured surface decreased from 164.1 to 24.1 μN.