目的 揭示扫描方式、基材倾角、搭接率对斜面熔池成形的影响规律，提高斜面多道搭接涂层的平整度。方法 采用数值模拟探究激光扫描方式、基材倾斜角度、搭接率对倾斜基材表面熔覆涂层平整度的影响机理，并结合正交试验进行验证。结果 模拟所得平整度随扫描方式、倾斜角度、搭接率变化规律与试验一致。激光扫描方式对水平基材的多道搭接平整度无明显影响，但对倾斜基材表面的多道平整度影响显著。相同扫描方式下，不同倾斜角度的基材适应的搭接率不同。结论 相比其他扫描方式，扫描方式1(SM1)和扫描方式5(SM5)得到的熔覆层平整度和熔覆效率相对较高。平整度和熔覆效率随基材倾斜角度的增大而逐渐减小。以扫描方式5进行熔覆时，水平基材最佳搭接率为30%，基材倾斜40°时最合适的搭接率为15%~20%。显然，倾斜角度和搭接率的交互作用对平整度影响显著。

Some high-strength structural parts have inclined shapes, such as gears, racks, and impellers. Nickel-based coatings are coated on the surface by laser cladding technology, which improves the mechanical surface performance and extends the service life of the parts. Regarding the geometric characteristics of inclined-matrix coatings, existing literature studies the deflection angles of nozzles, inclination angles of substrates, laser scanning methods, and overlapping ratios. Moreover, existing laser scanning methods include up-to-bottom, bottom-to-up, and horizontal continuous scanning for experimental comparative research.