目的 实现汽车碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)结构件表面有机涂层的高效无损去除。方法 选择可回收密胺类塑料制备磨料，提出了用气射流携带并高速喷射加工的新方法。通过单因素控制试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，在0.3 MPa射流压力下用500 μm的磨料对涂装聚氨酯涂层的CFRP试样进行冲蚀，借助SEM和超景深三维显微镜观察冲蚀形貌。为了阐明涂层的去除机理，建立了基于能量守恒定律的微切削和重复变形模型，分析了塑性磨料的颗粒速度和撞击工件的接触应力，定量分析了磨料在0.3 MPa射流压力下的涂层去除量。研究了磨料形状、旋转和回弹对冲蚀机理的影响。结果 当冲蚀角为30°时，涂层的材料去除量最大，去除率为5.8×10⁴ g/s，表现为延性冲蚀行为。此时的冲蚀机理为微耕犁和微切削，随着冲蚀角的增大，材料去除量降低。当冲蚀角为90°时，去除率为1.2×10⁴ g/s，冲蚀机理为重复塑性变形去除。尖角磨料以集中应力冲击涂层，磨损后的磨料(可循环15次)以分布应力冲击涂层。与正向旋转相比，磨料自身的反向旋转对涂层的去除量更大，大粒径磨料的回弹导致了不完整的切削路径，而小粒径磨料的回弹使涂层产生了撕裂。结论 为了实现基材不损伤，推荐使用大角度冲蚀，这样可以在保留底漆的同时实现基材不损伤。

The work aims to achieve efficient and nondestructive removal of organic coatings on the surface of automotive carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (CFRP) structural parts. In this work, recyclable melamine plastics were selected to prepare abrasives. A new machining method with air jet carrying and high-speed jetting was proposed. The polyurethane-coated CFRP specimens were eroded by single-factor control of the erosion angle with 500 μm abrasive at different erosion angles under 0.3 MPa jet pressure. The erosion morphology was observed with an SEM and a super depth-of-field 3D microscopy. The coating removal mechanism was illustrated by developing a micro cutting and repetitive deformation model based on the law of energy conservation. The particle velocity and contact stress, and quantitatively calculating the mass of coating loss were analyzed. The effects of abrasive shape, rotation and rebound on erosion mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the material removal rate of the coating was the largest when the erosion angle was 30°, and the removal rate was 5.8×104 g/s, which showed ductile erosion behavior, and the erosion mechanism was micro-plowing and micro-cutting at this time. The material removal rate decreased with the increase of the erosion angle, and when the erosion angle was 90°, the removal rate was 1.2×104 g/s. The erosion mechanism of the coating was repeated plastic deformation removal. Sharp angular particles impacted the coating with concentrated stress and removed the material in the form of cutting at the inclined angle. Whereas abrasives evolved from sharp angles to sub-spherical particles due to wear (which can be cycled 15 times) and impacted the coating with distributed stress. In addition, the removal of coatings by abrasives reverse rotation was greater than that of forward rotation attributed to the reverse rotation increasing the effective cutting speed. Large particle size rebound produced incomplete cutting paths and small particle size rebound produced tearing of the coating. In order to achieve non-destructive removal of substrate materials, it is recommended to use high erosion angle so as to retain primer and achieve non-destructive removal of substrate materials.