机械设备的摩擦和磨损，造成了大量材料和能量消耗。碳量子点(Carbon Quantum Dots，CQDs)是一种新型零维纳米材料，具有独特的物化性质和良好的摩擦学性能，能够提高基础油的润滑性，延长机械设备的使用寿命，逐渐成为润滑领域中绿色、有前途的减摩抗磨材料。首先简要概述制备CQDs的至上而下和至下而上的两大类方法，然后着重介绍了CQDs作为润滑添加剂表面功能化、杂原子掺杂、纳米复合材料制备3种改善摩擦性能的策略，通过梳理CQDs基纳米材料作为减摩抗磨剂添加剂在摩擦学领域的应用实例，发现与其他纳米材料相比，CQDs具有超小的尺寸、表面官能团可调、分散性好、吸附稳定性好、毒性低、环境友好、易合成、成本低等优点，这些独特的性质造就了其优异的减摩抗磨性，证明了CQDs基纳米材料在摩擦学中拥有巨大的应用潜力。之后对CQDs作为润滑油添加剂的滚动轴承效应、形成润滑保护膜、填充修复效应和抛光效应4种润滑机制进行了总结和分析。最后概述了目前CQDs在摩擦学领域一些亟待解决的关键性问题，并展望了CQDs在未来摩擦学领域应用的发展趋势。CQDs在润滑领域的成功应用为具有更好减摩和抗磨性能的下一代碳纳米颗粒提供了参考和可能性，促进了碳纳米材料和纳米技术在节能和环保方面的重大发展。

In modern industry, the friction and wear of mechanical equipment have caused a large amount of material and energy consumption. Therefore, the research on lubricating additives is very important for the preparation of high-efficiency lubricants. In recent years, CQD, as a new lubricating oil additive, has been pioneered in improving the tribological properties of lubricating oil. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new type of zero-dimensional nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties and good tribological properties, which can improve the lubricity of base oil and prolong the service life of mechanical equipment. CQDs have shown excellent antifriction and anti-wear properties, have been widely concerned in nano lubricating oil additives, and gradually become a green antifriction and anti-wear material with development prospects in the field of lubrication.