目的 探究石墨烯涂层对单晶铜基底摩擦特性的影响，揭示石墨烯涂层的微观减摩和基底强化机制。方法 基于AIREBO、EAM、Lennard–Jones混合势函数和Verlet算法，采用分子动力学法对铜基底/石墨烯涂层(Cu/Gr)和铜基底(Cu)的摩擦行为展开研究，结合基底位错、承载直径、划切圆角、划切刃角的变化规律，分析石墨烯涂层对法向力和摩擦力的影响。结果 在纳米压痕中，石墨烯涂层使基底压入边缘处产生了划切圆角，当压入深度为3.0 nm时，基底承载直径由4.6 nm增至8.2 nm，法向承载力由62.63 nN提高至514.32 nN;在摩擦过程中，石墨烯涂层抑制了基底表面的犁沟效应，使位错密度由0.06 nm^–2提升至0.15 nm^–2;当压入深度相同时，石墨烯涂层使基底具有更小、更稳定的摩擦因数，最终使摩擦因数降低了61.43%~77.81%;当下压力为150 nN时，石墨烯涂层使划切刃角由90°降至32°，摩擦力由75.72 nN降至21.51 nN。当Cu/Gr基底上的划切刃角由32°降至17°时，摩擦力由21.51 nN降至9.08 nN。结论 石墨烯涂层的束缚机制增大了基底表面的承载直径，增大了基底内的位错密度，进而提高了法向承载能力。石墨烯涂层的束缚机制降低了划切刃角，降低了摩擦力，提升了基底的摩擦性能。

Graphene coating technology can provide an effective solution to the problems such as energy loss and part failure in mechanical system caused by friction and wear on material interface. Moreover, graphene coating can not only retain original excellent properties of substrate, but also produce new synergistic effects to improve properties of composites. The work aims to investigate the effect of graphene coating on friction characteristics of single crystal copper substrate and reveal the micro friction reduction and substrate strengthening mechanism of graphene coating.