采用应力发光材料在目标结构表面构筑功能涂层可对结构损伤进行实时监测预警，不仅提高了设施的安全性，还为检修工作和损伤机理的研究提供了帮助，应用潜力巨大。为促进这类涂层的研发与应用，首先介绍了弹性应力发光材料的发展历程及基本特征，通过对比突出了SrAl2O4基材料的综合优势。然后详细分析了SrAl2O4基质的晶体结构、缺陷类型对能级分布、电子运动状态以及光的吸收与发射性能的影响，并论述了元素掺杂对发光强度、波段和灵敏度等发光性能的影响。接着介绍了应力发光常用的检测表征方法和基于现象分析形成的应力发光机理。在此基础上，进一步总结归纳了制备应力发光粉末的主要方法以及影响其物相结构、晶体尺寸和发光性能的核心因素，分析了各自的优缺点。详细介绍了制备监测预警涂层的表面技术和工程应用案例，发现该类涂层仍存在敏感度不高、后处理工艺苛刻和界面结合差等问题。最后，从探究应力发光本质、制备实用性更强的预警涂层和制定生产测试标准3个角度提出了一些建议。

The frequent occurrence of lots of sudden safety accidents in infrastructure, such as highway bridge collapse, wind turbine blade breakage, ocean mining platform explosion, etc., is caused to a large extent by the fact that the structural damage of the base facilities cannot be detected in time, which have seriously endangered the safety of people‘s lives and property. Fortunately, if the mechanoluminescent materials are used to construct functional coatings on the surface of target structures, it can not only monitor and early warn structural damage, but also can be able to provide scientific evidence for maintenance work by staff and damage mechanism research, which will greatly improve the safety of facilities in service. In order to better promote the research and development of monitoring and early warning coating materials and meet the needs of engineering applications. In this paper, the elastic-mechanoluminescent materials and their basic characteristics are introduced to begin with, and by comparing these materials, the results indicate that SrAl2O4-based materials have outstanding advantages, such as stable physical and chemical properties, environmentally friendly, especially long afterglow time, etc., and it is considered to be a kind of materials with the most application potential at home and abroad. Then, the SrAl2O4-based mechanoluminescent materials are introduced in detail, and the crystal structure of the matrix and the existence of various defect types having an influence on the energy level distribution, electron motion state, and the absorption and emission of light are comprehensively and systematically analyzed. the regulation of luminescence properties such as stress luminescence intensity, color, wavelength band and sensitivity by element-doped matrix is discussed, and specific strategies to meet different application requirements are given. The regulation of luminescence properties such as mechanoluminescent intensity, color, wavelength band and sensitivity by element-doped matrix is discussed, in addition, the control strategies to meet different application requirements are given. Subsequently, the commonly used detection and characterization methods of mechanoluminescence are introduced, and the mechanism of mechanoluminescence formed based on phenomenon analysis given by researchers at this stage and the intrinsic relationship between structure and properties are given. On this basis, this paper further summarizes the main methods of preparing SrAl2O4-based mechanoluminescent powders and the core factors affecting the phase structure, crystal size and luminescent properties of the materials, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the surface engineering technology for preparing monitoring and warning coatings at home and abroad and a series of engineering application cases are introduced in detail, and it is found that the coating still has a series of urgent problems to be solved in the process of practical application, such as low sensitivity, harsh post-treatment process and poor interfacial bonding. Last but not least, from the perspective of exploring the nature of mechanoluminescence, the preparation of monitoring and warning coatings, and the formulation of production test standards, some suggestions for future research and development that should be focused on are also proposed in a targeted manner so as to provide ideas for researchers to carry out follow-up research work.