目的 对稠油热采过程中的四通管进行气固两相流冲蚀研究，基于不同影响因素分析其冲蚀变化规律，并构建四通管最大冲蚀速率的预测模型。方法 基于气固两相流理论，构建CFD-DPM-EPM数值模型，研究不同流速、颗粒质量流量以及颗粒粒径对四通管冲蚀的影响，预测四通管最大冲蚀速率发生位置及数值大小，并建立了关联流速、颗粒质量流量和颗粒粒径的四通管冲蚀速率数学模型。结果 在四通管的肩部位置即竖直管与水平管交汇处和竖直管的封闭端顶部两处存在冲蚀，冲蚀模拟结果与实际失效四通管相吻合。随着四通管入口流速的增加，其最大冲蚀速率呈指数形式增长;随着颗粒质量流量的增加，其最大冲蚀速率近似呈线性增长;随着四通管内颗粒粒径增大，其最大冲蚀速率先减小后增大，存在冲蚀速率最小的临界粒径。构建的四通管冲蚀数学模型拟合值同模拟值对比，吻合度很高。结论 四通管出口段肩部位置冲蚀速率高于封闭端顶部位置，肩部为冲蚀磨损高危区。因此在实际应用过程中要重点关注肩部的冲蚀磨损程度并及时进行防护处理，通过局部加厚或添加扰流内构件来减轻肩部冲蚀;同时要适当降低流速并尽可能减少颗粒夹带，以增加四通管使用寿命。

The gas-solid two-phase flow erosion of the four-way pipe in the process of heavy oil thermal recovery was studied, the erosion variation law was analyzed based on different influencing factors, and the prediction model of the maximum erosion rate of the four-way pipe was built. Based on the gas-solid two-phase flow theory, a numerical model of CFD- DPM-EPM was established to research the influence of different flow velocity, mass flow rate, and particle size on the four-way pipe’s erosion. The location and magnitude of maximum erosion rate of four-way pipe are predicted. There are erosion defects in the shoulder position of the four-way pipe, namely the intersection of vertical pipe and horizontal pipe, and the top of the closed end of the vertical pipe. The simulation results are consistent with the actual failure of the four-way pipe. Flow field structures and particles trajectories were analyzed to verify the erosion distribution on the four-way pipe. Due to the change of the pipeline structure at the intersection, the flow direction of gas-solid phase changes significantly, and the particles impact the shoulder position of the four-way pipe with high velocity under the action of centrifugal force, eventually forming a serious erosion area of the shoulder. The maximum erosion rate of the four-way pipe increases exponentially with the increase of inlet velocity. Furthermore, a continuous erosion zone was observed at the top of the outlet pipe when the velocity was higher. With the increase of velocity, the carrying effect of fluid on particles is enhanced, resulting in the increase of the kinetic energy of particles. The collision on the inner wall of the four-way pipe and the cutting force become larger. Meanwhile, the increase of velocity will lead to a large radial velocity gradient in the outlet pipe, and the greater the velocity, the more significant the radial gradient, the greater the collision of fluid and particles on the top of the outlet pipe, resulting in the erosion of the top of the outlet pipe. The maximum erosion rate increases linearly with the increase of particle mass flow rate. When the velocity remains constant, the number of particles increases with the increase of particle mass flow rate. And then the number of particle collision per unit time of four-way pipe wall increases, and finally leads to the increase of erosion rate. With the increase of particle size, the maximum erosion rate decreases first and then increases, and there is a critical particle size with the minimum erosion rate. The study shows that the erosion rate at the shoulder of the outlet section of the four-way pipe is higher than the top of the closed end, and the shoulder is a higher risk area of erosion wear. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to the erosion wear degree of the shoulder and carry out timely protection treatment, and reduce the erosion of the shoulder by local thickening or adding turbulence internal components in the actual application. At the same time, the velocity should be appropriately reduced and the entrainment of particles should be minimized to increase the service life of the four-way pipe. A mathematical model for predicting erosion rate of the four-way pipe was established. The parameters of velocity, particle mass flow rate and particle size were considered in this model. The fitted value of the mathematical model of four-way pipe was compared with the simulated value. The results show that the fitting value is in good agreement with the simulated value. The prediction model of erosion rate can be used to predict erosion degree of the four-way pipe and adjust operation parameters in the process of steam injection in heavy oil thermal recovery.