钛合金具有密度小、比强度高、耐蚀性好等优势，被广泛应用于诸多工程领域。由于钛合金存在表面硬度低、耐磨性差等缺点，导致其在过流部件中容易发生空蚀损伤，会降低钛合金构件的使用寿命，因此针对钛合金空蚀损伤行为及其防护措施的研究显得极为重要。概述了空蚀现象的作用机理和理论模型，详细介绍了材料自身的力学性能、表面状态、介质类型和溶液温度等对钛合金空蚀行为的影响，着重讨论了针对钛合金空蚀损伤的多种应对措施，如热处理、激光纹理加工、激光气体氮化、化学热处理、离子注入、添加缓蚀剂等技术，总结了相应方法提高钛合金抗空蚀性能的具体原因。其中，热处理技术通过改变钛合金自身的显微组织来提高其抗空蚀性能;激光气体氮化工艺可在钛合金表面形成硬质TiN相，以抵御空泡溃灭时的冲击;化学热处理技术在钛合金表面生成了致密的陶瓷层+固溶扩散层，缓解了空泡的溃灭能，延长了空蚀的孕育期;离子注入技术依靠注入离子在钛合金材料表面产生固溶强化、位错增值强化等效果，降低其空蚀损伤。最后对钛合金空蚀及防护研究的发展方向提出了展望。

Titanium alloy has been widely used in various engineering fields due to the low density, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. However, low surface hardness and poor wear resistance could result in cavitation erosion damage of titanium alloy in fluid components, reducing the service life of titanium alloy components. Therefore, it is important to investigate the cavitation erosion damage behavior of titanium alloy and develop proper protection strategy. The mechanism and theoretical model of cavitation erosion were firstly introduced. The effects of mechanical properties, surface status, media and solution temperature on the cavitation erosion behavior of titanium alloy were expounded in detail. Various response measures against cavitation erosion damage of titanium alloy were discussed, such as heat treatment, laser surface texture, laser gas nitriding, thermo-chemical treatment, ion implantation, addition of corrosion inhibitors, etc. The specific reasons for improving the cavitation erosion resistance of titanium alloy by corresponding technologies were summarized. Heat treatment technology could improve the cavitation erosion resistance of titanium alloy by regulating the microstructure of titanium alloy. Laser gas nitriding process formed a hard TiN film on the surface of titanium alloy to resist the impact of cavitation bubble collapse. Thermo-chemical treatment could generate a dense ceramic layer + solid solution diffusion layer on the surface of titanium alloy to alleviate the collapse energy of cavitation bubble and prolong the incubation period of cavitation erosion erosion. Ion implantation depending on the solid solution strengthening and dislocation increment strengthening of ions on the surface of titanium alloy reduced the cavitation erosion damage. Finally, the development direction of cavitation erosion damage and protection of titanium alloy were prospected.