国际上将碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)作为实现长期减碳减排的重要措施，CCUS技术对于降低全球二氧化碳排放量至关重要。CCUS也是实现我国长期绿色低碳发展的必然选择和重要举措，然而CCUS技术高速发展必然会带来装备的腐蚀与防护难题。针对油气开采以及CCUS过程涉及到的碳捕集设备、运输管道和油井管等设备受到的CO2腐蚀问题展开研究，分析其腐蚀机理，包括CO2腐蚀过程，以及不同因素(包括水含量、离子耦合、温度、压力、流速以及混合相中的油相)对CO2腐蚀速率的影响，并进行了总结归纳，特别是高温高压超临界CO2腐蚀机理。针对目前的3种CO2防护手段进行了介绍，考虑到合金防护成本较高，缓蚀剂防护存在二次污染，防护涂层具备更好的发展前景。最后对CO2防护涂层未来研发重点与前景进行了分析和展望。

Carbon capture, utilization and storage is regarded as one of the important measures to achieve long-term absolute carbon emission reduction, which is crucial for reducing CO2 emission in global. CCUS is also the only way and the most important measure to achieve long-term green and low-carbon development in our country. However, the high-speed growth of CCUS technology would definitely cause corrosion and protection problems of equipment. In this article, the CO2 corrosion of capture equipment, transport pipeline and oil well involved in oil and gas extraction and CCUS is focused on. The corrosion mechanism, which includes the process of CO2 corrosion and different factors (like water content, ions, temperature, pressure, flow rate and oil phase) that affect CO2 corrosion, has been expounded and replenished in detail, especially under high temperature and high pressure. Three methods against CO2 corrosion are introduced. Considering the high cost of alloy protection and the pollution of corrosion inhibitors created to environment, the lower-cost and non-pollution coating protection has a better prospect. The research focus and prospects of CO2 protection coating are analyzed in the end. This article is significant for CO2 corrosion process of the equipment and the selection, design and application of protection coating in CCUS industrial application.