目的 研究压裂泵作业过程中泵阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损特性，探究其主要影响因素与影响规律。方法 基于固液两相流基本理论与冲蚀模型，采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟泵阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损行为，探究支撑剂粒径、质量流量、泵阀半锥角、阀座孔入口半径、阀盘升程等参数对泵阀冲蚀特性的影响。结果 泵阀的冲蚀磨损主要表现为支撑剂对阀盘边缘处的直接冲击与对阀座锥面处的切削作用。支撑剂粒径由0.062 5 mm增大到0.375 mm时，最大冲蚀速率增大了4.80倍，继续增大到1.5 mm时，最大冲蚀速率减小了76.12％;当其质量流量由5 g/s增大到25 g/s时，最大冲蚀速率增大了3.84倍。当泵阀半锥角由30°增大到50°，阀盘升程由5 mm增大到15 mm时，最大冲蚀速率分别减小了95.55％与92.57％;随着阀座孔入口半径由30 mm增大到50 mm，最大冲蚀速率增大了10.47倍。同时，阀盘升程的增大还会显著影响冲蚀磨损区域的分布。结论 压裂泵泵阀的最大冲蚀速率随支撑剂粒径的增大先增大后减小，随阀座半锥角与阀盘升程的增大而减小，随支撑剂质量流量与阀座孔入口半径的增大而增大。其中，泵阀结构参数对泵阀冲蚀磨损的影响更为显著。

In this paper, the erosive wear characteristics of pump valve gap flow field in the operation process of fracturing pump valve, including the main influence factors and their influence law was studied. Based on the theory of the solid-liquid two-phase flow and the erosion model, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the erosive wear behavior in pump valve gap flow field. The effect of particle size, particle mass flow rate, semi-cone angle, seat inlet radius and valve disc lift were analyzed. According to the results, the erosion mainly consisted of the direct impact on the edge of the valve plane and the cutting action on the cone of the valve seat. With particle size increasing from 0.062 5 mm to 0.375 mm, maximum erosion rate of the pump valve increased by 4.80 times. While particle size increased to 1.5 mm, maximum erosion rate reduced by 76.12%. When particle mass flow rate increased from 5 g/s to 25 g/s, the maximum erosion rate increased by 3.84 times. As the semi-cone angle increased from 30° to 50° and the valve disc lift increased from 5 mm to 15 mm, the maximum erosion rate reduced by 95.55% and 92.57%, respectively. With the seat inlet radius increasing from 30 mm to 50 mm, maximum erosion rate increased by 10.47 times. At the same time, the distribution of erosion wear area is significantly affected by the increase of valve disc lift. It is condufed that maximum erosion rate of pump valve first increases and then decreases with the increase of particle size, and it increases with the increase of particle mass flow rate and inlet radius of valve while it decreases with the increase of semi-cone angle and valve disc lift. The effect of pump valve structure parameters on valve erosion wear is more significant.