智能光学材料是在外场刺激下可实现色彩、透明度或光的传输方向等光学性质改变的材料，在显示、防伪、传感、隐身等领域具有重要的应用价值。与传统化学变色机制不同，基于动态表界面的智能光学材料，即利用其表面或界面微纳结构的变化对光散射、干涉或衍射的调控来实现光学性质的改变，具有更优异的循环稳定性和环境友好性。首先介绍了自然界中基于动态表界面的变色现象，然后根据调控机制，概括了基于动态表界面的智能光学材料的2种类型(动态表面调控、动态界面调控)。根据表面结构类型，详细介绍了动态表面调控的3种类型(微纳阵列型、表面褶皱型和表面裂纹型);然后介绍了基于动态界面的3种途径(新界面动态形成、界面结构参数调控、表界面复合调控)。在此基础上，归纳总结了表界面微纳结构动态调控的驱动方式，并特别指出几种新型的可控驱动方式。最后，展示了基于动态表界面智能光学材料在显示、防伪、传感器等领域的应用前景。旨在为新型基于动态表界面智能光学材料的设计和工程化应用提供借鉴。

Under the stimulation of external fields, smart optical materials (SOMs) are able to change the optical properties such as color, transparency or light transmission direction. Great importance has been exhibited in wide applications such as display, anti-counterfeiting, sensors, and camouflages. SOMs modulated by dynamic surface or interface change the optical properties based on the regulation of light scattering, interference or diffraction by the change of surface or interface structures. Different from traditional SOMs based on chemical mechanisms, this kind of SOMs shows better cycle stability and environmental friendliness. Firstly, the discoloration phenomenon based on dynamic surface or interface in nature is introduced. Two categories of SOMs based on dynamic surface interface according to the regulation mechanism are summarized:dynamic surface regulation and dynamic interface regulation. In the former, three strategies for dynamic surface regulation, i.e., surface micro/nano array, wrinkle, and crack, are shown in detail. In the latter type, the SOMs modulated by three approaches are also summarized, i.e., the dynamic generation of noval interfaces, the regulation of interface parameters, and the synergetic regulation of surface and interface. On this basis, the driving modes of SOMs based on dynamic surface or interface are summarized, and especially several new controllable driving modes are pointed out. Finally, the potential applications in the fields of display, anti-counterfeiting, sensors and so on are exhibited. This paper aims to provide reference for both the design of novel SOMs based on dynamic surface or interface and their practical applications.