目的 基于典型污损释放型防污涂层浅海挂板试验，考察涂层防污性能得分及关键防污特性参数随浸海时间的变化规律，构建污损释放型防污涂层服役寿命模型，并推算关键防污特性参数的失效临界值，以此为评价依据，建立防污涂层室内加速评价方法。方法 依据GB/T 5370—2007《防污漆样板浅海浸泡试验方法》进行浅海挂板试验，收集青岛、厦门、三亚3个海域涂层的表面能、粗糙度、硬度、Si—CH3/Si—O—Si比值以及防污性能得分等各项性能数据。通过数学分析确立涂层防污性能得分与关键防污特性参数之间的关系，并计算涂层失效时各参数的临界值。设计室内加速老化试验，对比室内加速老化试验与浅海挂板试验中涂层各项性能的变化趋势，分析两者间的相关性。借助X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶红外光谱研究涂层的失效机制。结果及结论 结果表明，室内加速老化试验数据与浅海挂板试验数据具有较好的相关性。基于涂层的表面能、粗糙度、Si—CH3/Si—O—Si比值测试可以得出，室内加速老化1 h相当于实海浸泡0.1 a的水平。涂层失效主要是由于组成涂层主体的有机硅Si—O—Si主链发生降解，侧链的C—H也被氧化断裂，生成了亲水性的—OH等基团，并在表面形成了无机硅氧化物。

Based on the shallow sea siding test of typical fouling-releasing antifouling coatings, the variation law of antifouling performance and key antifouling characteristic parameters with sea immersion time was investigated, and a service life model of fouling-releasing antifouling coatings was constructed. The critical value of the key antifouling characteristic parameters of the coating was calculated, and the artificial accelerated aging evaluation method of the antifouling coating was established based on this. According to the test method specified in GB/T 5370—2007 Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence, two-year shallow sea siding tests on two fouling-releasing coatings-Intersleek series and FRC-725, were carried out in three sea areas of Qingdao, Xiamen and Sanya. Parameters such as surface energy, roughness, hardness, Si—CH3/Si—O—Si ratio, and antifouling performance scores of the two coatings were collected every six months. The grey relational analysis was used to establish the mathematical model of the service life of the antifouling coating. The correlations between surface energy, roughness, hardness, Si—CH3/Si—O—Si ratio and antifouling performance scores were calculated by grey correlation analysis. According to the actual situation, three factors of surface energy, roughness and Si—CH3/Si—O—Si ratio were selected to fit the service life models of the two fouling-releasing coatings and mathematical equation was given. The theoretical value of service life of Intersleek series fouling release coating was calculated by mathematical equation, compared with the actual service life and the relative error between them was calculated to evaluate the feasibility of the life equation. At the same time, the critical value of the parameters when the FRC-725 coating fails was calculated, and the artificial accelerated aging test was designed based on this. The performance data of the FRC-725 coating after artificial accelerated aging were collected and compared with the data obtained from the shallow sea siding, the correlation between the two was analyzed, and the acceleration factor between the artificial accelerated aging test and the shallow sea siding test was calculated. In addition, the change of the surface composition of the FRC-725 coating before and after aging was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the failure mechanism of the coating was studied. The results show that the artificial accelerated aging test has a good correlation with the test results obtained from the shallow sea siding test. Through mathematical analysis, the life model of Intersleek series coating is:Y1=2 618.103[1.186ln(t+0.569)+25.667]–0.803 [1.16ln(t–0.129)+ 2.92]–0.029[0.736(t+0.067)–0.008 7]2.45; The relative error between the theoretical value and the actual value of the antifouling period calculated by this equation is 4%. The life model of FRC-725 coating is:Y2=1 609.597[0.225ln(t–0.465)+25.437]–0.495[0.652ln(t– 0.302)]0.128[0.736(t+0.44)–0.017]4.435. It is calculated that the critical surface energy when the FRC-725 coating fails is 25.89 mJ/m2, the critical roughness is 4.11 μm, and the critical Si—CH3/Si—O—Si ratio is 0.710. Based on the coating surface energy, roughness, Si—CH3/Si—O—Si ratio test, it can be concluded that the artificial accelerated aging of 1 h is equivalent to the level of 0.1 years of shallow sea hanging boards. Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that during the aging process of the coating, the main chain of macromolecules is degraded, and the hydrophobic groups such as —CH3 on the surface of the coating are oxidized and broken to form hydrophilic groups such as —OH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showes that the organic silicon indicated by the coating is oxidized, forming a dense inorganic silicon oxide layer.