目的 针对航空渐开线花键微动磨损严重的工程问题，研究多种因素对花键副受力与微动磨损的影响及键齿间的差异。方法 建立以微动磨损机理为基础的渐开线花键副微动模型，通过对比工程检测数据验证了花键副微动模型的合理性，并采用不同的加载方式研究分析各载荷对直升机减速器花键副的影响，并对比分析微动幅值、动载系数以及不对中量对花键传动应力分布与微动磨损的影响。结果 转速载荷的效应均方值远大于转矩载荷的效应均方值。微动幅值为20~80 μm，动载系数为1.0~1.5，轴向不对中量为?0.05~ 0.05 mm，键齿接触应力与磨损量随各因素的增大而增加。键齿啮合区近齿根处的接触压力与微动磨损量均最大。不同向的轴向不对中对齿间差异的影响不同，键齿6~9与键齿15~18受轴向不对中的影响最明显。结论 花键传动中，相较于传动扭矩，传动转速对应力的影响更显著。键齿啮合区近齿根处应力集中较为明显，微动磨损严重。随微动幅值、动载系数与不对中量的增加，微动磨损显著增大，花键副的对中特性能够减小不对中量的影响。键齿的不同啮合区域与键齿间均存在受力与磨损程度上的差异。

Aiming at the serious engineering problem on fretting wear of aviation spline, the influences of various factors on the stress and fretting wear of spline pair and the differences of intertooth space were studied. A fretting model of involute spline pair based on the fretting wear mechanism was established and it was verified by comparing the engineering test data. Through different loading methods, the influences of different loads on the spline pair of the helicopter reducer were studied and analyzed, and the influences of the fretting amplitude, dynamic load factor and the axial misalignment on the stress distribution and fretting wear of the spline transmission were analyzed comparatively. In the simulation results, the effect mean square value of the speed load was much larger than that of the torque load. The fretting amplitude was between 20 μm and 80 μm, the dynamic load factor was between 1.0 and 1.5, and the axial misalignment was between ?0.05 mm and 0.05 mm. The contact stress and fretting wear increased as various factors increased. The contact stress and fretting wear near the spline teeth root in the meshing area were the largest. Axial misalignment in different directions had different effects on the intertooth space, especially the spline with 6~9 and 15~18 teeth. The research results show that in spline transmission, the influence of the transmission speed on stress is greater compared with the transmission torque; the stress concentration and fretting wear near the spline teeth root in the meshing area are more serious; the fretting amplitude, dynamic load factor, the axial misalignment are positively related to the fretting wear and the axial alignment of the spline pair can decrease the influence of axial misalignment; there are differences in stress and fretting wear among different meshing areas and intertooth space.