目的 通过模拟钢基体表面电火花沉积钨涂层过程中的熔池区域温度场变化及其残余应力分布，以便更好地理解电火花沉积钨涂层的工艺过程，得到钨涂层成膜过程中的温度场分布和残余应力形成机制。方法 采用电极低速旋转与上下点动相结合的电火花沉积工艺，由点到线、再到面的沉积顺序，在钢基体表面均匀制备抗烧蚀钨涂层。同时，采用ANSYS仿真软件对该工艺制备的钨涂层的温度场和残余应力进行模拟与仿真。结果 采用高斯热源模型较好地模拟出了电火花沉积钨涂层过程中熔池区域的温度场分布，并在此基础上，将温度场分布数据作为应力分析的载荷，导入到力学分析模型中，实现了温度场与应力场的耦合计算，得到了钨涂层沉积过程中熔池区域的应力变化状态和凝固后的残余应力大小。结论 随着电火花沉积功率的增大，熔池直径和深度均会增加，熔池峰值温度增高，电火花沉积钨涂层的残余应力增大。单排钨涂层沉积过程中，除第一个熔池外，其余熔池都会受到前一个熔池的影响，相对于单点钨涂层，残余应力明显减小。多排熔池群形成的钨涂层残余应力大小主要与沉积速率有关，沉积速率越快，钨涂层的残余应力越大。

Through simulation of the temperature field variation and residual stress distribution in the molten pool during the process of electro-spark deposition of tungsten coating on steel substrate, this paper aims to better explore the process of electro-spark deposition of tungsten coating and to obtain temperature field distribution and formation mechanism of residual stress during the process. Through the methods of low-speed electrode rotation and up-and-down inching, an anti-ablation tungsten coating is made on the surface of steel substrate from point, line to plane. The temperature field and residual stress of tungsten coating are simulated by ANSYS software. The result shows that the Gauss heat source model can simulate the temperature field distribution and residual stress in the process of electro-spark deposition. On this basis, the temperature field data is put into mechanical analysis model so that the coupling calculation of temperature field and stress field and the stress variation status and residual stress after solidification of tungsten coating in the molten pool are obtained. The simulation results show that with the increase of electro-spark deposition power, the diameter and depth of the molten pool will increase and the peak temperature will increase. The residual stress of the tungsten coating increases with the increase of molten pool temperature. In the process of single row tungsten coating deposition, except the first molten pool, the other molten pools will be affected by the previous molten pool and have obviously less residual stress compared with a single point tungsten coating. The residual stress of tungsten coating formed by multi-row pool group is mainly related to the deposition rate, and the faster the deposition rate, the greater the residual stress.