目的 提升单熔道、单层面的成形质量和打印精度，通过对球化、飞溅缺陷机理的研究及试验探索，寻找减少其产生的最优工艺路径。方法 采用不同激光功率、点间距、线间距的打印策略成形单熔道，通过单熔道的成形质量，初步选取表面质量较好的成形工艺参数范围，进行单层面的成形试验。在单熔道、单层面成形试验中，进行球化、飞溅缺陷产生的研究和分析，探讨其产生机理及对表面质量的影响，并进一步进行单层面试验研究，找到合理的工艺参数取值范围，以此提升单层面表面质量。结果 球化、飞溅缺陷对于单熔道、单层面的成形质量及精度都有较大影响。能量密度是影响缺陷产生的主要原因，适当的能量密度可以提升表面质量，线能量密度在0.4~0.6 J/mm、面能量密度在4~6 J/mm²时，所成形的样件表面较为平整，球化、飞溅缺陷明显减少，成形质量好，精度较高。结论 当能量密度合适时，球化、飞溅缺陷明显减少，单熔道、单层面的成形效果好，流动均匀且连续。球化、飞溅缺陷有一定的规律性，可以通过最优工艺参数进行避免。

The aims to improve the molding quality and printing precision of single melt channel and single layer through research and experimental exploration and find the best process path to reduce spheroidization and splash defects. The single melt channel was formed by printing with different laser power, point spacing and line spacing. According to the single melt channel forming quality, the range of forming process parameters with better surface quality was selected, and the single layer forming experiment was carried out. The spheroidization and splashing defects were studied and analyzed in the single melt channel and single layer forming tests, and their generation mechanism and influence on surface quality were discussed. The single layer test was further carried out and the reasonable range of process parameters was found to improve the surface quality of the single layer. The surface spheroidization and splash defects have great influence on the forming quality and accuracy of single melt channel and single layer, and the energy density is the main reason for the defects. Proper energy density can improve the surface quality. When the linear energy density is 0.4~0.6 J/mm and the surface energy density is 4~6 J/mm2, the formed sample surface is relatively flat, and it’s good in quality and high in precision, the spheroidization and splash defects are significantly reduced. When the energy density is appropriate, the defects of spheroidization and splash are obviously reduced. The forming effect of single melt channel and single layer is good, and the flow is uniform and continuous. Speroidization and splash defects happens with some regularity, which can be avoided by optimal process parameters.