目的 分别使用酰氯法和氨基开环法接枝修饰氧化石墨烯(GO)，利用接枝分子的“锚定效应”提高纳米银颗粒在GO表面的分散效果。方法 先对GO-Cl-DA(GO经酰氯化后接枝对苯二胺)和GO-DA(采用“一锅法”对GO和对苯二胺直接混合接枝)进行比较，之后又比较了先接枝后沉积纳米粒子(两步法)和接枝/沉积同时进行(一步法)得到的杂化材料。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射谱、X射线光电子能谱和热失重曲线等，分析了材料的组成、热稳定性、接枝方式、银纳米颗粒的负载效果等。结果 在氨基与环氧基开环反应或酰胺键的作用下，对苯二胺分子能有效地接枝在GO表面，其中，“一锅法”(即氨基开环法)的接枝效率较高，操作简便。在沉积银的过程中，两步法对基底还原程度更彻底，纳米银的负载量从一步法的1.01%(原子数分数)提高到了7.22%，且分散性更好，并由此提出了接枝小分子对纳米颗粒的锚定效应。结论 含有氨基的分子对氧化石墨烯进行修饰时，采用氨基开环法既简单，又高效，接枝分子通过锚定效应改善原位沉积的无机纳米粒子，可获得负载效果优异的杂化材料。

The two methods including the acid-chloride method and the amino ring-opening method for surface graft of graphene oxide are compared, and then the anchoring effect of the graft group is used to improve the dispersion effect of nano silver particles on the surface of graphene oxide. By comparing the product prepared by covalently grafting phenylene diamine with chlorinated graphene oxide (GO-Cl-DA) through the amide bond and the other product fabricated by blending graphene oxide and phenylene diamine together to obtained GO-DA in a one-step way. Furthermore, one strategy that depositing step was conducted after grafting (two-step method) was compared with another strategy that grafting and deposition were operated simultaneously (one-pot method). The composition, thermal stability, grafting bonds and the dispersion of silver nanoparticles were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal weight loss analysis. The obtained results indicated that p-phenylenediamine molecules can be effectively grafted on the surface of graphene oxide through the ring-opening reaction or amide bonds. But it is found that the one-step method has higher grafting efficiency and simple operation. For the graphene/silver hybrids, it was found that the two-step method had a higher degree of reduction, the loading of nano silver was increased from 1.01 at.% to 7.22 at.% and the dispersion was better. Therefore, the anchoring effect of grafted small molecules on nanoparticles is proposed. It is concluded that the amino ring-opening method is a more simple and efficient method when modifying graphene oxide with amino molecules. And, the grafted molecules can improve the in-situ deposited inorganic nanoparticles by anchoring effect and thus the obtain hybrid materials possess better loading effect. This study involves the comparison of typical methods of organic molecular modification and inorganic nanoparticles deposition on the surface of graphene oxide, which has important reference significance for the surface modification of nanomaterials.