目的 通过化学刻蚀结合阳极氧化法，制备具有优良机械稳定性和自清洁性能的铝合金超疏水表面。方法 采用盐酸化学刻蚀结合草酸阳极氧化法，对1060型铝合金表面构筑了具有阶梯-孔状微纳结构，再经过低表面能物质十八胺的修饰，获得了超疏水表面。探索表面微纳米结构对铝合金超疏水表面机械稳定性等性能的影响。结果 经过砂纸磨损200 cm后，表面接触角依旧高达160.33°;600 g的落砂实验冲击后，表面接触角仍保持150°，具有良好的机械稳定性。由动电位极化曲线测试结果表明，与纯铝相比，该超疏水表面具有良好的耐腐蚀性。再将超疏水铝浸入不同pH值的溶液中至24 h发现，铝合金表面依然具有良好的超疏水性能，且在pH=10的弱碱溶液中，其接触角依旧保持在163.09°。在坚固的微纳米结构的阳极氧化铝层、十八胺以及超疏水表面的气垫作用下，铝合金超疏水表面的防腐蚀性能得到提高。对比各种常见饮料在该表面的润湿性，该表面具有出色的自清洁效果。结论 铝合金超疏水表面具有良好的机械稳定性、化学稳定性以及自清洁效果。

The purpose is to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical stability and self-cleaning performance by chemical etching with hydrochloric acid combined with anodic oxidation. A step-pore-shaped micro-nano structure was formed feasibly on the surface of 1060 aluminum by this method. Following with coating octadecylamine (a kind of low surface energy material) on it, the superhydrophobic Al surface was obtained. And the effects of surface micro-nano structures on the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy were explored. The results showed that the contact angle still kept at a high value as 160.33° even after being worn for 200 cm with a sandpaper, and it still reached 150° under the impact of 600 g of falling sand abrasion test. It indicated that the sample owned good mechanical stability. In addition, the results of potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the superhydrophobic surface has good corrosion resistance compared with pure aluminum. After the superhydrophobic aluminum was immersed in solutions with different pH values for 24 h, and it is found that the contact angle still kept at 163.09° as initials in the weak alkaline solution (pH=10) that meant the aluminum alloy surface still owned excellent superhydrophobicity. The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy superhydrophobic surface was improved under the combination of firm micro-nano structure anodic aluminum oxide layer, octadecylamine and the “air cushion effect” of superhydrophobic surface. Compared with the wettability of various common solutions on the surface, this surface had excellent self-cleaning performance. In conclusion, the superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface has good mechanical stability, chemical stability and self-cleaning performance.