应用于空中、陆上、海上及深海的一些重要装备关键构件表面的附着水严重削弱了其自清洁、防污抗锈蚀等特殊性能。利用基于仿生策略研发的表面快速脱水技术，可高效、实质性地剥离表面黏附水，具有重要的现实意义。总结了现阶段关于表面脱水的研究进展、科研趋势及应用局限性，从自然界中生物对润湿现象的优异控制行为与功能原理出发，概述了水的动、静态界面现象及其机理，重点阐述了三相接触线“去钉扎”(De-pinning)理论、接触时间等因素对表面水的动态剥离所起的决定作用。以黏附水在脱离表面时是否存在额外能量消耗，将脱水行为分为“被动脱水”和“主动脱水”两大类，归纳了表面的动态脱水行为及应用优劣势。概括了荷叶、鸟类羽毛等被动润湿控制行为与表面刚度、特殊宏观纹理、倾斜角度对表面脱水、固液接触时间的积极影响及应用研究。在此基础上，进一步总结翠鸟、蜂鸟、蚊虫、哺乳动物在其主观意识下的晃动、高速移动等主动脱水行为的功能原理，列举了采用动力装置驱动表面实现移动、振动脱水效果的仿生应用研究进展。最后，探讨并展望了应用移动、振动等仿生运动诱导，结合表面超疏水性、各向异性等优异特性协同的脱水策略，利用“仿生主动脱水”与“被动快速脱水”有机结合，实现表面水体实质性脱附的优缺点及其应用前景。

The attached water on the surface of the key components of some important equipment working in the air, land, sea and deep seais seriously reducing the special properties of self-cleaning, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion on the surface of key equipment. The rapid surface dehydration technology based on the bionic strategy can complete the efficient and substantial peeling of the surface adhered water, which has important practical significance. We summarized the current research progress, scientific research trends and application limitations in the field of surface dehydration. Based on the excellent behaviour and functional principle of biological control of wetting in nature, the dynamic and static interface phenomena of water and their mechanisms are summarized. With the emphasis on the theory of de-pinning of three-phase contact lines and the role that factors such as contact time can play in determining the dynamic stripping of surface water. Based on whether there is additional energy consumption when the adhered water is detached from the surface, the dynamic dehydration behaviour and application advantages and disadvantages of the surface are summarized according to the two categories of "passive dehydration" and "active dehydration". The positive effects of passive wetting control behaviours, surface stiffness, special macro textures, and tilt angles of lotus leaves, bird feathers, etc. on surface dehydration and solid-liquid contact time and their application research are summarized. We also summarized the functional principles of active dehydration behaviours such as kingfishers, hummingbirds, mosquitoes and mammals‘ shaking and high-speed movement, under their subjective consciousness. After that, the research progress of bionic applications using power devices to drive the surface to achieve movement and vibration dehydration effects is listed. Finally, synergistic dehydration strategies such as movement and vibration, combined with super-hydrophobicity and anisotropy of the surface are discussed, and then the combination of "bionic active dehydration" and "passive rapid dehydration" to complete the substantial desorption of surface water is systematically emphasized.