目的 研制一种气凝胶预封装的高焓值定型相变水性热控涂层。方法 以烷烃类相变材料为功能填料，研究了相变材料与常用溶剂的相容性，及不同预封装方式对涂层性能的影响。通过优化配方设计，制备出一种可以采用喷涂施工方式的高焓值定型相变水性热控涂料。结果 以水性树脂作为基料，以气凝胶作为预封装材料，当m(相变材料(二十二烷))∶m(水性树脂)∶m(气凝胶)=5∶2.5∶1时，涂层相变焓可达139.3 J/g，涂层表面不开裂，且在高于相变温度时不发生渗漏，可弥补传统相变材料在复杂形貌结构件应用困难、结合不紧密的缺点。结论 创新地采用SiO2气凝胶将烷烃类相变材料吸入孔隙中进行预封装，后将预封装的相变材料加入水性树脂中，制备成兼具有机成膜物柔性的高焓值定型相变水性热控涂层，在力学性能优异的树脂包裹下，可避免其在形变时发生脆性断裂。涂料简单易行的施工方式，使其不再受被保护部件复杂形状的限制，从而极大地拓展了相变材料的应用范围。

The purpose of this research is to develop an aerogel pre-encapsulated high enthalpy shaped phase change waterborne thermal control coating.By using alkane phase change materials as functional fillers, the compatibility of phase change materials with common solvents and the influence of different pre-encapsulation methods on coating performance were studied. By optimizing the coating formulation, a high enthalpy shaped phase change thermal control coating was developed, which can be prepared by a spray application method. In this coating, water-based resin was used as the base material and aerogel was used as the pre-encapsulation material. When m(the phase change material (docosane))∶m(water-based resin)∶m(aerogel) = 5∶2.5∶1, the phase change enthalpy of the coating could reach 139.3 J/g, no cracking existed on the coating surface, and no leakage occurred when the temperature was higher than the phase change temperature. It could make up the disadvantages of traditional phase change materials that were difficult to apply to structural parts with complex morphology and could not tightly bonded.In this research, we innovatively used SiO2 aerogel to inhale the alkane phase change material into the pores for pre-encapsulation. When the pre-encapsulated phase change materials were added into organic resins, a high enthalpy shaped phase change waterborne thermal control coating with favorable flexibility of organic film former was prepared. As the resin has excellent mechanical properties, brittle rupture under deformation can be avoided. The simple painting method can prevent the coating from the restriction caused by the shape protected components and then greatly expand the application range of phase change materials.