概述了三种激光着色机理:氧化膜干涉着色，以纳秒激光为主要着色方式，具有成本低、工业应用成熟等特点;周期性结构衍射着色，除了传统的超快激光诱导条纹结构着色，近些年发展起来的多光束干涉着色，丰富了周期性结构的种类，又大大提高了着色效率，更加适用于工业应用;等离基元金属纳米结构着色，通过调节纳米结构的间距、纳米结构尺寸等参数，可以对单个纳米结构实现显色控制，因而可以打印出具有纳米尺度像素大小的超高分辨率彩色图案。根据各种着色机理，概述了激光着色在防伪标记、激光隐写、彩色全息图等领域的应用，并提出了激光着色面临的重复性和稳定性的共性问题，提出了下一步的研究方向，包括从理论上对工艺技术进行研究，提高模型与实际效果的一致性，优化工艺方式得到输入和输出的定量关系，提高着色效果和加工效率等。

This paper summarizes three mechanisms of laser-induced surface colorization:nanosecond laser induced oxide layer, which is characterized by low cost and mature industrial application; periodic structures induced by direct laser-writing or by direct laser interference pattern, which enriches the categories of periodic structure and greatly improves the coloring efficiency, making it more suitable for industrial applications; laser induced plasmonic metal nanostructures, which can tune the color of a single nanostructure by adjusting the size and spacing of nanostructures, so that ultra-high resolution color patterns with nanoscale pixel size can be printed. The application of laser-induced surface colorization in anti-counterfeiting, steganography and color hologram is also introduced. As the repeatability and stability of laser-induced surface colorization is a critical issue for its application, therefore further investigation should focus on the theoretical study, so as to improve the consistency of the theoretical and actual results, and optimize the process to establish the quantitative relation of the input and output parameters, thus enhancing coloring effect and processing efficiency.