目的 探讨高寒/热服役温度(?50~60 ℃)对聚氨酯材料摩擦学行为的影响。方法 以聚氨酯/316L不锈钢为研究对象，采用UMT-3型摩擦磨损试验机，并结合高低温试验装置进行不同服役温度下的摩擦磨损实验。着重分析聚氨酯/316L密封副界面的摩擦系数演变规律、聚氨酯磨损表面形貌及损伤机制等重要特性。结果 低温区段(?50~0 ℃)时，随温度升高，摩擦副界面的摩擦系数由?50 ℃时的1.08降低至0 ℃的0.77;聚氨酯的磨损率均在0.5 kg/m以下，抗磨损性能增强;由于微切削作用，发生了微观分子的断裂，导致磨损表面颗粒物较多，?50 ℃时的磨屑平均尺寸为87.3 μm，其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损。常温(25 ℃)及高温(60 ℃)环境则加剧了材料的磨损，磨损率均高于1 kg/m，界面的摩擦系数分别为0.98和0.62。常温环境下，宏观分层剥落起主导作用，表现为疲劳磨损特征;高温时，则因摩擦热导致磨损表面出现轻微的粘着现象，所产生的磨屑因参与磨损而呈现出尺寸偏大(平均386.7 μm)的条状结构。另外，材料磨损表面伴随着片状剥离层的脱落，均形成了月牙状凹坑，相同面积下，0 ℃时的凹坑数量约是60 ℃时的4倍。结论 温度对聚氨酯摩擦磨损性能有显著影响，不同服役温度会使聚氨酯材料呈现出不同的损伤机制。

This study aims at investigating the effect of temperature (?50~60℃) on the tribological behavior of polyurethane. The friction and wear properties of polyurethane/316L stainless steel were studied under different service temperatures by UMT-3 wear tester combined with temperature test device. The important characteristics such as the evolution of the friction coefficient of sealing pair of polyurethane/316L, the surface worn morphologies and the damage mechanism were specially discussed. The results showed that in the low temperature range (?50~0 ℃), the friction coefficient of the friction pair decreased from 1.08 at ?50 ℃ to 0.77 at 0℃. The wear rate of polyurethane was all below 0.5 kg/m, with the wear resistance enhanced. There were many particles on the worn surface due to the micro-molecular fracture caused by micro cutting. The average size of wear debris was 87.3 μm at ?50℃, and the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear. However, the wear rate were higher than 1 kg/m at 25℃ and 60℃, and the friction coefficients of the interface were 0.98 and 0.62, respectively. The macro delamination and flaking play a leading role in the normal temperature environment, characterized by fatigue wear. At high temperature, the friction heat caused slight adhesion on the wear surface, and the wear debris taking part in the wear presented a large-scale (386.7 μm on average) strip structure. In addition, the crescent-shaped pits were formed on the wear surface of polyurethane with the exfoliating layer. The number of pits at 0℃ in the same area was about 4 times of that at 60℃. Temperature has a significant impact on the friction and wear properties of polyurethane. The damage mechanisms of polyurethane materials are different with the change of service temperature.