目的 发现最优工艺条件，了解Zn-Ni电沉积机理。方法 通过场发射电镜分析、能谱分析以及电化学分析等方法，研究以一种胺羧多官能团配体为Ni²⁺络合剂的碱性锌酸盐电解液体系中，锌/镍离子物质的量之比与锌镍离子总浓度对镀层的光泽度、镍含量、耐蚀性、表观质量和微观结构的影响。结果 锌/镍离子物质的量之比增加会使得镀层镍含量降低，最后稳定在15%~19%，镀层微观结构由晶粒细致平滑型转化为粗大疏松型。物质的量之比为1.9时，镀层的腐蚀电流最小。锌镍离子总浓度增加会使得镀层镍含量缓慢减小，镀层微观结构由晶粒细致疏松型转化为细致紧密型，最后又转变为粗大疏松型，镀层的腐蚀电流先减小后急剧增大，即镀层的耐蚀性先增加后急剧降低。结论 在锌/镍离子物质的量之比为1.9、锌镍离子总浓度为0.12 mol/L时，所得镀层的综合性能最好。镀层锌/镍含量变化趋势符合Brenner吸附膜理论。

The work aims to find out the optimal process conditions and figure out the mechanism of Zn-Ni electrodeposition. The effects of the mole ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions and the total molar concentration of zinc ions and nickel ions on the glossiness, nickel content, corrosion resistance, appearance quality and microstructure of the coating were studied in an alkaline electrolyte system with an amino-carboxyl polyfunctional ligand as Ni2+ chelant by means of field emission electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis and electrochemical analysis. The nickel content of the coating decreased with the increase of mole ratio of zinc/nickel ions, and was finally stabilized between 15%~19% and the microstructure of the coating changed from fine and smooth crystalline grain to coarse and loose one. When the mole ratio was 1.9, the corrosion current of the coating dropped to the lowest. The increase of the total molar concentration of zinc and nickel ions led to a slow decrease in nickel content of the coating and the microstructure of the coating changed from fine and loose crystalline grain to fine and compact one, but finally to the coarse and loose one. The corrosion current of the coating firstly decreased and then increased sharply with the total molar concentration, indicating that the corrosion resistance of the coating firstly increased and then decreased sharply. When the mole ratio of Zn2+/Ni2+ is 1.9 and the total concentration of Zn2+ and Ni2+ is 0.12 mol/L, the comprehensive properties of the coating are the best. The changing trend of Zn/Ni content in the coating is consistent with the adsorption film theory of Brenner.