层状双金属氢氧化物(Layered Double Hydroxides，LDHs)是一种具有双金属氢氧化物层状结构的无机材料。LDHs因具有层间阴离子可交换这一特性，可以起到负载缓蚀剂、捕获腐蚀性离子等作用，在金属腐蚀防护领域拥有巨大的应用潜力。总结了LDHs粉体与LDHs薄膜常见的制备方法，包括制备粉体的共沉淀法、水热合成法、离子交换法、焙烧还原法、尿素合成法，以及制备薄膜的胶体沉积法、溶剂蒸发法、旋转涂抹法、剥层组装法、原位生长法，并对不同制备方法的优缺点进行了对比分析。对LDHs的层间阴离子交换机理、物理阻隔机理以及协同防腐蚀机理进行了阐述与分析。在防腐蚀机理基础上，根据LDHs的不同存在形态，将LDHs在金属腐蚀防护领域中的主要应用途径概括为三类:一是以粉体形式掺入防腐蚀涂层作为添加剂或者缓蚀剂的载体;二是直接在金属基体表面通过化学转化原位生长LDHs薄膜并负载缓蚀剂或者进行化学改性;三是对阳极氧化膜进行封孔处理。最后对LDHs在金属腐蚀防护领域的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are an inorganic material of double metal hydroxides with a layered structure. Due to anion exchangeability, LDHs have great application potential in the field of metal corrosion protection by uploading inhibitor, capturing corrosive ions, etc. The common preparation methods for LDHs powder and LDHs film were summarized, including co-precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, ion exchange, calcination reduction and urea synthesis used to prepare powder and colloidal deposition, solvent evaporation, spin coating, delamination assembly and in-situ growth used to prepare film. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods were comparatively analyzed. The interlayer anion exchange mechanism, physical barrier mechanism and collaborative anti-corrosion mechanism of LDHs were reviewed and analyzed. Further, the application of LDHs in the field of metal corrosion protection were categorized into three groups according to different forms of LDHs, namely the carrier added in in anti-corrosion coatings in the form of powder as corrosion inhibitor or additive, LDHs film growing in situ directly on the surface of metal substrate by chemical transformation and loading of corrosion inhibitor or chemical modification; sealing of the anodic oxide film. Finally, the application and development trend of LDHs in the field of metal corrosion protection were prospected.