随着中国高寒地区铁路运输的发展，高速列车在高寒、风雪、霜冻等恶劣环境中运行面临严峻的考验，不仅会增加铁路系统的运营成本，还直接影响到列车运行的安全性和稳定性。列车底部处于无封闭状态，而且裸露在外的转向架结构又极其复杂，造成在高寒地区运行的列车存在转向架结冰积雪等新问题，目前尚无高效的解决方案。先对列车转向架区域结冰积雪状态、规律及形成机理进行了总结，提出影响结冰积雪状态的主要因素，包括雪粒在气场中的运动情况、转向架底部流场情况和转向架底部压差。详细阐述了国内外列车防冰雪及解决转向架积雪结冰问题在近年来的研究进展。随着新材料研发和表面技术水平的提高，具有抗覆冰效果的超疏水表面功能涂层成为一种切实有效的措施。结合已有的金属基体表面降低冰雪附着强度和延缓结冰时间的研究成果，整理出构造微/纳米粗糙结构及降低材料低表面能的具体方法，探讨了超疏水材料在防冰雪方面的应用，并以此基础提出了转向架防冰雪设计的研究方向。

With the development of railway transportation in China’s cold regions, high-speed trains face harsh climates such as cold, snowstorm and frost in winter, which will not only increase the operating cost of the railway system, but also directly affect the safety and stability of running train. There is no closed equipment at the bottom of the train, and the exposed bogie structure is extremely complicated. New issues such as ice and snow on bogies often appear when the train is running in cold regions, but there are no efficient measures to solve the problem. The conditions, laws and formation mechanism of ice and snow on high-speed train bogies were summarized, and the main factors affecting the conditions of ice and snow were put forward, including the motion circumstances of snow grains in the aura field, the flow field at the bottom of the bogie and the pressure difference at the bottom of the bogie. The recent research progress of domestic and abroad solutions to trains and bogies were also summarized in view of ice and snow problems. With the development of new materials and the improvement of surface technology, super-hydrophobic surface functional coatings with anti-icing and snow effect have become a practical and effective measure. Based on the existing research achievements of reducing the adhesion strength of ice and snow and delaying the freezing time on the metal substrate surface, the specific methods of manufacturing micro-nanostructure and reducing the low surface energy of materials have been sorted out. By discussing the application of super-hydrophobic materials in anti-icing and snow, the direction of anti-icing and snow design of bogies has been put forward.