目的 通过对全氟聚醚衍生物的改性研究，开发出在全氟聚醚（PFPE）基础油中性能优越的摩擦改进剂。方法 对全氟聚醚醇合成改性，得到一种新型全氟聚醚衍生物——五氟苯甲酸全氟聚醚酯。利用红外光谱仪和核磁共振氟谱对其结构进行表征，并考察了与PFPE的相容性。利用四球摩擦试验机考察其作为PFPE基础油添加剂的摩擦学性能。利用XPS和EDS能谱、三维轮廓仪和SEM分析表面组成和形貌，并由此推测润滑机理。结果 所设计合成的新型全氟聚醚衍生物具有良好的热稳定性，在150 ℃时才开始分解。与基础油相比，此添加剂的加入能够减小25%左右的摩擦系数和30%左右的磨斑直径，并比其他添加剂表现出更优异的摩擦学性能。当添加量为2%（质量分数）时，摩擦系数降为0.073，磨斑直径为0.303 mm。改性全氟聚醚衍生物能够促使碳氟键断裂，形成更多的自由氟原子与金属表面发生摩擦化学反应，其中酯基团所连的五氟苯会吸附在金属表面，两者共同作用于金属表面，使之形成润滑膜，从而起到减摩抗磨的作用。结论 改性全氟聚醚衍生物是一种适用于PFPE基础油，且性能优异的新型添加剂。

The work aims to develop new lubricant additives with excellent properties in perfluoropolyether (PFPE) base oil by studying the modification of perfluoropolyether derivatives. The perfluoropolyether alcohol was modified to obtain a novel perfluoropolyether derivative, named as perfluoropolyether pentafluorobenzoate. The chemical structure of perfluoropolyether pentafluorobenzoate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the compatibility with PFPE was also tested. The tribological performance as additive in PFPE base oil was tested by four-ball friction tester. The surface composition and morphology were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), 3D profiler and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the relevant lubrication mechanism was also explored. The new perfluoropolyether derivatives synthesized had good thermal stability and began to decompose at 150 ℃. Compared with base oil, the additive could reduce friction coefficient by 25% and wear spot diameter by 30%, and had better tribological properties than other additives. When mass fraction was 2%, the friction coefficient decreased to 0.073 and the wear spot diameter was 0.303 mm. This additive could promote the formation of more free fluorine atoms by the breaking of the carbon-fluorine bonds and further boosted the tribochemical reaction on the mental surface, while pentafluorobenzene bound by ester groups would be adsorbed firmly. Both of additives worked together on the metal surface to form a strong lubrication film, thus achieving better anti-friction and anti-wear performance. This modified perfluoropolyether derivative is a novel additive suitable for PFPE base oil with excellent tribological performance.