目的 探究改性多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）在羧基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）中的分散性、增强橡胶基体动态力学性能及其作用机理。方法 采用多巴胺自聚合兼物理修饰的技术对MWCNTs进行表面改性处理，以增加其表面极性基团，提高其与XNBR基体的兼容性，并制备了聚多巴胺改性碳纳米管（MWCNTs-P）。采用红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了改性多壁碳纳米管的表面化学状态，使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）探索了改性碳纳米管的结构演变。使用动态力学分析仪（DMA）研究了改性碳纳米管填料网络对XNBR基体的增强效果，结合复合材料断面的扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM），探索了MWCNTs-P填料增强XNBR动态力学性能的作用机理。结果 调控多巴胺反应浓度实现了MWCNTs-P填料表面物理包覆层厚度从2 nm增加到4 nm。动态力学性能测试表明，MWCNTs-P填料提高了复合材料老化前后的动态力学性能。SEM测试发现，MWCNTs-1.0P-2.0wt%复合材料在老化试验后断面存在的孔洞最浅。TEM测试发现，MWCNTs-1.0P填料在XNBR基体中有更好的分散性。结论 聚多巴胺改性多壁碳纳米提高了其在羧基丁腈橡胶基体中的分散性，从而增强了复合材料老化前后的动态力学性能。

The work aims to investigate the dispersibility of modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) and dynamic mechanical properties and action mechanism of reinforced rubber substrate. Self-polymerization and physical modification technology of dopamine was adopted to modify the surface of MWCNTs to increase the polar groups to improve the compatibility with XNBR substrate and the polydopamine modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared. The surface chemical states of the MWCNTs-P were analyzed by FTIR and XPS. The structural evolution of the MWCNTs-P was investigated by TEM. DMA was used to study the reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes on XNBR substrate. The action mechanism of MWCNTs-P reinforcing the dynamic mechanical properties of XNBR was explored by SEM and TEM images of composite section. By controlling the concentration of dopamine, the thickness of PDA layer on MWCNTs surface gradually increased from 2 nm to 4 nm. The MWCNTs-P fillers could increase the dynamic mechanical properties of composite before and after aging. SEM test showed that the H-MWCNTs-1.0P-2.0wt% composite had shallower holes on the section after aging. The TEM showed that MWCNTs-1.0P fillers had better dispersion in XNBR substrate than MWCNTs fillers. MWCNTs-P fillers are beneficial to reinforcing the dynamic mechanical properties of XNBR matrix due to their better dispersibility in XNBR substrate.