选区激光熔化是目前应用广泛的金属增材制造方法，能够实现复杂精密金属件的成形。但是，由于技术原理的限制，选区激光熔化金属表面与切削加工表面相比，成形质量仍然存在较大差距，影响了这一方法的进一步应用。如何提高表面成形质量，是目前选区激光熔化金属成形领域重要的研究方向。介绍了选区激光熔化成形原理，分析了影响选区激光熔化金属表面成形质量的因素，总结了目前选区激光熔化金属表面成形质量的控制方法及相关研究进展。指出合理地布置成形件位置、避免将成形质量要求高的轮廓面设置为第三类表面、优化扫描工艺参数，是控制和提高选区激光熔化金属表面成形质量的主要途径。

Selective laser melting is a widely used metal additive manufacturing method and can form complex metal parts. However, due to the limitations on technical principle, the selective laser melting metal surface still has large difference in forming quality when compared with machined surface, which further limits the application of this method. How to improve the forming surface quality is an important research direction in the field of selective laser melting. The principle of selective laser melting was introduced, the factors affecting the forming quality of selective laser melted metal surface were analyzed and the current quality control methods and related research progresses were summarized. It points out that reasonable position of the formed parts, avoiding setting the contour surface with high forming quality requirements as the third kind of surface, and optimization of scanning process parameters, are the main ways to improve the forming surface quality of the selective laser melting parts.