目的 评价三种含磷极压抗磨剂的抗微点性能并分析其作用机理。方法 使用MPR模拟微点蚀试验机考察三种含磷极压抗磨剂（磷型P-1、硫磷型P-2、分散型P-3）的抗微点蚀性能。使用四球试验机、铜片腐蚀试验仪、烘箱、油膜厚度测试仪等，评价添加剂的摩擦、抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能及油膜形成能力，分析添加剂抗微点蚀性能与上述性能之间的关系。借助SEM测试分析不同添加剂的抗微点蚀机理。结果 添加P-3的润滑油GO-3的综合性能最好，GO-3具有良好的抗微点蚀性能，9 h MPR试验的辊子轨道宽度变化率为35.87%。GO-3具有良好的极压抗磨减摩性能，四球机试验测得其最大无卡咬负荷为1441.6 N，磨斑直径为0.38 mm，在试验载荷大于294 N时，其摩擦系数最低。GO-3的抗腐蚀性能良好，铜片腐蚀试验级别为1b。GO-3的氧化腐蚀性低，烘箱氧化试验中钢片评分为1分，且无油泥产生。GO-3的油膜形成能力强，60~120 ℃时弹性流体润滑油膜的厚度为371.2~153.6 nm。结论 分散型磷氮极压抗磨剂P-3化学活性适中，可以避免在摩擦表面发生严重腐蚀或剧烈摩擦化学反应，具有良好的承载、减摩、抗磨和抗微点蚀性能。

To evaluate the anti-micro-pitting performances of three extreme pressure & antiwear (EP&AW) additives containing phosphorus, MPR tests which can simulate the micro-pitting conditions were conducted. Meanwhile, four-ball tribometer, copper corrosion tester, baking oven and lubricating film thickness meter were used to study the other performances of tribology, anti-corrosion, antioxidant and lubricating film. Moreover, mechanism of anti-micro-pitting was investigated in detail. The oil with dispersed phosphorus and nitrogen EP&AW additive can show the best overall performance. After 9 hours MPR test of the oil added with dispersed phosphorus and nitrogen EP&AW additive, change rate of MPR roll track width is 35.87%. With four-ball tribometer test of this oil, maximum non-seizure load of 1441.6 N is obtained, and its relevant wear diameter of ball is 0.38 mm. When test load of four-ball test is bigger than 294 N, friction coefficient of the oil with dispersed phosphorus and nitrogen EP&AW additive is the smallest. Moreover, anticorrosion and antioxidant performance of this oil is good, copper corrosion grade is 1b, and steel disc grade is 1 score with no oil sludge. The oil with dispersed phosphorus and nitrogen EP&AW additive can form lubricating film with thickness of 371.2~153.6 nm when temperature is 60~120 ℃. The dispersed phosphorus and nitrogen EP&AW additive possesses moderate chemical activity and shows the best overall performances.