随着科学技术的不断进步，摩擦学研究发展迅速，一些新型的润滑领域相继出现，伴随而生一些新型润滑技术和材料，使得机械运行稳定性和寿命逐渐增加。机械运转关键润滑部件（如轴承、齿轮、涡轮等）的稳定性对设备的长效和可靠运行起到了决定性作用，其中，满足润滑部件长效运行的关键技术在于润滑油的品质和优良的润滑稳定性。全配方润滑油中基础油的质量是根本，润滑添加剂对润滑油综合性能具有重要影响，而减摩抗磨添加剂是润滑油中最重要的添加剂。综述了近10年润滑油常用的有机减摩抗磨添加剂的研究进展，根据减摩抗磨添加剂的类别，详细综述了磷系减摩抗磨添加剂、硫系减摩抗磨添加剂、硼系减摩抗磨添加剂、含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物减摩抗磨添加剂、离子液体减摩抗磨添加剂，并对其发展状况和减摩抗磨机理进行了探究。最后对上述几类减摩抗磨添加剂存在的问题进行了简要分析，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望，对减摩抗磨添加剂的发展方向和面临的问题提出了几点建议和意见。

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, tribological research has been rapidly developed, and some new lubrication fields have emerged one after another, accompanied by some new lubrication technologies and materials, so that the stability and service life of machinery are getting higher and higher. The stability of key lubricating parts such as bearings, gears, turbines, etc., in mechanical operation plays a decisive role in the long-term and reliable operation of equipment. The key technology to meet the long-term operation of lubricating parts lies in the quality of lubricating oil and excellent lubrication stability. The quality of base oil in fully formulated lubricating oil is fundamental. Lubricating additives have an important influence on the overall performance of lubricating oils. Anti-friction and anti-wear additives are the most important additives in lubricating oils. The research progress of organic friction-reduction and anti-wear additives commonly used in lubricants in the past 10 years was reviewed. According to the categories of friction-reduction and anti-wear additives, a detailed overview of phosphorus-based friction-reduction and anti-wear additives, sulfur-based friction-reduction and anti-wear additives, boron-based friction-reduction and anti-wear additives, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives of friction-reduction and anti-wear additives and ionic liquid friction-reduction and anti-wear additives were described in detail, and the development status and friction-reduction and anti-wear mechanism were explored. Finally, the problems of the above-mentioned friction-reduction and anti-wear additives were briefly analyzed, and the future development trend was prospected. Moreover, some suggestions and opinions were put forward on the development trend and problems of friction-reduction and anti-wear additives.