氢进入钢铁内部是其发生氢脆的前提，而氢在管线钢表面经历物理吸附、解离、化学吸附、扩散一系列过程才能进入管线钢内部，其中氢原子的化学吸附以及氢扩散是关键步骤。综述了氢在钢铁表面吸附、扩散的研究方法、成果，展望了氢吸附以及氢扩散的研究方向。目前研究氢吸附的主流方法是第一性原理计算。在氢扩散研究方面，试验研究能够分析钢铁组织、相、宏观尺度因素变化对氢扩散的影响；有限元、分子力学、第一性原理多种尺度模拟计算可以分析微区结构变化对扩散的影响。氢在表面的吸附以及表层原子的扩散对氢脆有重要影响，但氢原子在钢铁表面的吸附以及表层扩散主要集中在无缺陷的αFe表面。氢与缺陷的相互作用研究主要集中在体相内部，钢铁表面状态的变化对氢吸附以及表层扩散的影响相关报道较少。需进一步开展在含缺陷钢铁表面的氢吸附研究，阐释表面应力、位错、晶界、相界、合金元素等因素对氢吸附、表层区域氢扩散的影响机理。

Hydrogen entering steel results in hydrogen embrittlement of steel. Hydrogen penetrates the pipeline steel through a series of processes of physical adsorption, dissociation, chemical adsorption and diffusion, of which hydrogen adsorption and diffusion are the key steps. The research methods and results of hydrogen adsorption and diffusion were summarized and the future research direction was prospected. The current main method for studying hydrogen adsorption was first-principle calculation. The effects of steel microstructure, phase, and other macro-scale factors on hydrogen diffusion could be analyzed by experiment. The influence of crystal structure on hydrogen diffusion could be simulated by multi-scale simulation calculations, such as finite element numerical simulation, molecular simulation and first-principles. Hydrogen adsorption and diffusion on surface were mainly responsible for hydrogen embrittlement. However, the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen atoms on steel surface were mainly concentrated on the defect-free αFe surface. The research on the interaction between hydrogen and defects mainly focuses on the bulk phase. There are few reports about the influence of the change of steel surface state on hydrogen adsorption and diffusion. Hydrogen adsorption on the surface with defects requires further research. The effects of surface stress, dislocations, grain boundaries, phase boundaries, alloying elements, and other factors on hydrogen adsorption and diffusion in surface area are needed to be studied in future.