目的 提高聚氨酯涂层材料的耐磨性和疏水性。方法 以全氟辛基乙基醇（TEOH-8）与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为原料，制备疏水性氟化聚氨酯（FPU）涂层，并使用衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、耐冲蚀磨损试验、扫描电镜观察（SEM）等，分别对涂层内部官能团以及氟化聚氨酯的软、硬段玻璃化转变温度进行分析，并表征了涂层的耐气蚀磨损性能和表面微观结构。结果 ATR-FTIR显示FPU试样不含亲水性—CH2OH基团，DSC表明FPU弹性涂层在遭受冲蚀时，硬段相Tg（HS）值随着外力的增加而降低，使得硬段相的结晶度提高，涂层表面硬段相的抗张强度增强，涂层的抗磨性能提升。耐气蚀磨损试验表明，FPU涂层的实际空蚀量C为0.9313×10-3 kg，小于根据运行时间计算的空蚀保证量Cn，达到了空蚀保证量的标准，抗磨能力相对合金提高了44.68%。由扫描电镜和能谱分析可知，磨损后的表面出现了划痕，但近表面键能较高的C—F链具有高强度和耐水性，阻止了磨损向涂层深处扩展。结论 疏水性FPU具有较好的耐水性和耐磨性，可用于水下零部件的防护。

The work aims to improve the wear resistance and hydrophobicity of the polyurethane coating material. Hydrophobic fluorinated polyurethane (FPU) coating was prepared with perfluorooctylethyl alcohol (TEOH-8) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as raw materials. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), abrasion test and SEM were adopted to analyze the functional groups in the coating and the glass transition temperatures of soft and hard segments of fluorinated polyurethane and characterize the wear resistance and surface microstructure of the coating. ATR-FTIR showed that FPU did not contain —CH2OH group. The result of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that when FPU elastic coating was subject to erosion, with the increase of the external force, the Tg(HS) of hard segment decreased, the crystallinity of hard phase increased, the tensile strength of the hard phase increased, and the wear resistance of the coating also increased. The abrasion test showed that the actual amount of FPU coating was 0.9313×10-3 kg, less than the guaranteed cavitation amount according to the running time and achieving the standard of the guaranteed cavitation amount, and the wear resistance increased by 44.68% relative to alloy. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis showed that scratches appeared on the worn surface, but the C—F chain with higher bond energy near the surface had high strength and water resistance, preventing the wear from spreading deeper into the coating. Hydrophobic FPU have better water resistance and abrasion resistance, and can be used to protect the underwater parts.