目的 调节石墨烯的电磁匹配，以实现最优的微波吸收性能。方法 通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯GO，以六水合硝酸锌、双六甲撑三胺、氧化石墨烯为原料，采用水热法在140 ℃获得了具有异质结构的包裹r-GO的纺锤状ZnO棒（S-ZnO/r-GO）。通过X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试，分别对S-ZnO/r-GO的组成成分、形貌特征以及微观结构进行了表征，同时采用同轴法，通过矢量网络分析仪测试分析了不同填充浓度下S-ZnO/r-GO复合材料在2~18 GHz范围内的电磁特性，并通过计算得到了材料的微波反射率损耗。结果 尺寸均匀且相互交织的纺锤状ZnO棒被大量褶皱的还原氧化石墨烯所包覆，构建了一种相互连接的三维交织结构。纺锤状ZnO的引入以及三维结构的建立，明显改善了S-ZnO/r-GO异质结构在2~18 GHz频率范围内的电磁特性和微波响应。在厚度为2.0 mm，频率为14.8 GHz处，最大反射率损耗值达到-40 dB，有效吸收带宽几乎覆盖整个Ku波段。结论 纺锤状ZnO/r-GO复合材料表现出优异的微波吸收性能和较宽的有效吸收频段，具有一定的应用前景。

This work aims to adjust the electromagnetic matching of graphene to achieve the best microwave absorption performance. Graphene oxide was prepared by improved Hummers method. The spindle-shaped ZnO rods wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (S-ZnO/r-GO) with heterostructure were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 140 ℃ with Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, bis-hexamethylene triamine and graphene oxide as raw materials. The composition, morphology and microstructure of S-ZnO/r-GO were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electromagnetic properties of S-ZnO/r-GO composite with different mass ratios were tested by vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 2~18 GHz through coaxial method, and the microwave reflection loss of the composite was calculated. The interlaced spindle-shaped ZnO rods with uniform shapes were wrapped with plenty crumpled r-GO sheets, thus constructing an interconnected 3D structure. Both the introduction of spindle-shaped ZnO and the construction of 3D structure significantly improved the electromagnetic characteristics and microwave response of S-ZnO/r-GO heterostructure in the frequency range of 2~18 GHz. A maximum reflection loss value of -40 dB was achieved at a thickness of 2.0 mm and a frequency of 14.8 GHz. The effective absorption bandwidth almost covered the whole Ku band. The composites of S-ZnO/r-GO exhibit prominent microwave absorption performance and wide effective absorption bandwidth and have certain application prospects.