壳聚糖是一种含有大量的伯羟基、仲羟基以及氨基和糖酐键等极性官能团和孤对电子的碱性多糖。它作为一种绿色环保、廉价易得、可生物降解且具有大量活性官能团的天然高分子产物，在许多领域都有广泛的应用。综述了近年来国内外壳聚糖及其衍生物在金属腐蚀领域的研究进展，阐述了其作为缓蚀剂防腐方面的优势，并对其研究现状及机理进行了说明。简述了壳聚糖高分子结构特性及作为金属缓蚀剂的特点，分析了壳聚糖缓蚀剂的作用机理。介绍了壳聚糖衍生物的制备方法，根据官能团的不同进行了分类归纳，包括羧甲基类壳聚糖、席夫碱类壳聚糖、季铵盐类壳聚糖等，并对比了不同壳聚糖及其衍生物在不同腐蚀环境下的缓蚀效率。同时，梳理了壳聚糖及衍生物在防腐方面应用所存在的问题，如在中性条件下溶解性差、部分壳聚糖衍生物合成方法复杂等。最后，展望了壳聚糖及其衍生物在防腐领域的发展趋势。

Chitosan is an alkaline polysaccharide containing a large number of primary hydroxyl secondary hydroxyl amino anhydride bonds and other polar functional groups and lone pair electrons. As a kind of natural macromolecule product which is green, cheap, easy to get, biodegradable and has a large number of active functional groups, it has been widely used in many fields. In this paper, the research progress of chitosan and its derivatives in the field of metal corrosion in recent years was reviewed, the advantages of chitosan as corrosion inhibitor were expounded, and the research status and mechanism of chitosan were also described. The structural characteristics of chitosan polymer and its properties as metal corrosion inhibitor were described. The mechanism of chitosan corrosion inhibitor was analyzed. This paper introduces the preparation methods of chitosan derivatives, and classifies them according to different functional groups, including carboxymethyl chitosan, schiff base chitosan, quaternary ammonium salt chitosan, etc., and compares the corrosion inhibition efficiency of different chitosan and its derivatives under different corrosion environments. At the same time, the problems existing in the application of chitosan and its derivatives in antisepsis were summarized, such as poor solubility under neutral conditions and complex synthesis methods of some chitosan derivatives. Finally, the development trend of chitosan and its derivatives in the field of antisepsis was prospected.