目的 通过化学刻蚀法制备铝基超疏水表面，并提高其机械稳定性和化学稳定性。方法 以盐酸（HCl）为主刻蚀剂，对甲苯磺酸（TSA）为辅助刻蚀剂，通过化学刻蚀法构筑铝片微-纳米结构，涂覆硬脂酸后制备超疏水铝。探讨最佳刻蚀时间和浓度，通过FESEM、EDS和ATR-FTIR对铝片的表面结构和化学组成进行分析。利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站和线性耐磨实验分别对铝表面的润湿性、耐腐蚀性和机械稳定性进行研究，并探讨铝在3.5% NaCl溶液中的化学稳定性。结果 当TSA浓度为0.2 mol/L，刻蚀时间为8.0 min时，获得的超疏水表面接触角（CA）最大，为167.9°，滚动角（SA）为6.3°，对应的腐蚀电位较裸铝正向移动了742 mV，腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级。此外，该超疏水表面还具有良好的机械稳定性和化学稳定性，经砂纸磨损70 cm后，接触角仍高达155.9°。模拟海水环境测试化学稳定性发现，将其浸泡在3.5% NaCl溶液中，20天仍维持在一种粘附超疏水状态。结论 通过调节化学刻蚀时间和TSA浓度在铝基表面制备得到微-纳米粗糙结构，硬脂酸改性后，获得具有超疏水性能的复合表面。该超疏水铝表面兼具优异的机械稳定性和化学稳定性能，并可以在高盐环境下保护铝基体。

The paper aims to prepare aluminum-based superhydrophobic surface by chemical etching and improve its mechanical stability and chemical stability. A simple way of chemical etching with HCl and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) was employed to prepare a superhydrophobic Al surface with micro-nano structure after being modified by stearic acid. Initially, the optimum etching concentration and etching time were analyzed. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized by using FESEM, EDS and ATR-FTIR. The surface wettability, corrosion resistance and mechanical stability were investigated by optical contact angle meter, electrochemical workstation and linear abrasion resistance test, respectively. The chemical stability of superhydrophobic surface was tested in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that it exhibited an excellent wettability with 167.9° contact angle (CA) and 6.3° sliding angle (SA) under 0.2 M TSA and being etched for 8.0 min. The results of corrosion resistance test indicated that there was a one-order of magnitude of reduction of the corrosion current density (Jcorr) and corrosion potential shifted forward with 742 mV compared to untreated Al. The fabricated uniform micro-nano structure coated by stearic acid had both excellent mechanical and chemical stabilities: it maintained an excellent CA as high as 155.9° even after abrasion for 70 cm and the superhydrophobic surface was stable on a sticky superhydrophobic state after being dipped at 3.5% NaCl solution for 20 days. A micro-nano roughness structure is prepared on the Al substrate by adjusting the chemical etching time and the TSA concentration, and the superhydrophobic coating is obtained after modified stearic acid. The superhydrophobic surface has both excellent mechanical and chemical stability. In addition, it can protect Al substrate from corrosion in a high salt environment.