综述了微弧氧化技术的发展历程、成膜机理，论述了铝合金微弧氧化的特点。基于铝合金微弧氧化工艺研究现状，详细阐述了氧化时间、占空比、电压、电流密度、电解液浓度、基体粗糙度、纳米颗粒添加剂以及复合工艺等对铝合金微弧氧化膜层的组织与性能的影响。如电流密度会影响涂层的生长机理，使膜层的表面结构和内部缺陷产生较大的差异；采用不同的电解液所得到的膜层的厚度和粗糙度有明显的区别；在不同的电压参数下膜层的均匀性及膜层中微孔的尺寸大不相同；制备微弧氧化复合涂层以及采用纳米增强颗粒可使膜层的结构和性能有大幅提升。通过改变以上影响因素对铝合金微弧氧化膜层组织和结构加以调控，从而实现了对膜层性能的优化，如膜层的硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、抗疲劳性能的提高。最后对铝合金微弧氧化的发展方向提出了展望。

In this paper, the development course and film forming mechanism of micro-arc oxidation technology were reviewed, and the characteristics of MAO of aluminum alloy were discussed. Besides, the effects of oxidation time, duty cycle, voltage, current density, electrolyte concentration, matrix roughness, nanoparticle additives and composite technology on the microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy MAO coating were elaborated in detail based on the research status of aluminum alloy MAO technology. It was found that the current density could affect the growth mechanism of the coating and cause a large difference in the surface structure and internal defects of the MAO coating. The thickness and roughness of the MAO coatings obtained with different electrolytes were significantly different. The uniformity of the MAO coating and the size of the micro-pores in the coating varied greatly under different voltage parameters. The structure and performance of the coating could be greatly improved by preparing the MAO composite coating and utilizing of nanoparticle reinforcement. In addition, the microstructure and structure of the aluminum alloy MAO coating were adjusted by changing the above influencing factors, thereby achieving optimization of the MAO coating properties, such as the improvement of the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the coating. Finally, the development direction of aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation was prospected.