目的 研究原始组织对D2车轮钢滚动磨损性能的影响，探索车轮耐磨性(多边化)的科学控制，为轨道交通关键材料设计和伤损控制提供理论和试验依据。方法 使用GPM-30摩擦磨损试验机对原始组织分别为片状珠光体+先共析铁素体(P+F)和回火索氏体(TS)的D2车轮钢试样进行干摩擦风冷滚动磨损试验。通过测量磨损量、观察宏观磨损形貌和测量维氏硬度对磨损性能进行评价，通过扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对磨损形貌、截面组织进行观察分析。结果 TS试样更容易形成多边化现象，多边化现象的产生会加速试样的磨损。TS试样的磨损量以及磨损速率均高于P+F试样。运行2×105转后，P+F试样以及TS试样的表面磨损机制均以粘着磨损和氧化磨损为主，TS试样表面的剥落坑较多且深，粘着磨损程度更严重，粗糙程度更高。TS试样原始硬度较高，硬化幅度较低，约78%。P+F试样虽然原始硬度较低，但其硬化幅度可达95%，磨损后硬度更高，硬化层更厚。结论 TS试样内以铁素体变形细化的硬化效果为主，P+F试样内产生铁素体细化和渗碳体变形共同硬化的效果。在干摩擦滚动磨损条件下，原始组织为P+F的试样在磨损过程中硬化效果更突出，抗多边化能力和耐磨性能更好。

The work aims to study the influence of original microstructure on rolling wear properties of D2 wheel steel and explore the scientific controlling of wheel wear resistance (polygonization), so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the design and the damage control of key materials in rail transit. GPM-30 tester was used to conduct the rolling wear test under dry and air-cooled condition on D2 wheel steel specimens with the original microstructure of lamellar pearlite+ proeutectoid ferrite (P+F) and tempered sorbite (TS), respectively. Wear properties were evaluated by measuring wear amounts, observing macro scale morphologies and measuring Vickers hardness. Wear morphologies and section microstructures were observed and analyzed by SEM and OM. It was easier for TS specimens to form polygonization. The generation of polygonization accelerated the wear of specimens. The amount and rate of wear for TS specimens were higher than those of P+F specimens. After 2×105 revolutions, the surface wear mechanisms of both kinds of specimens were dominated by adhesive wear and oxidation wear. There were more and deeper spalling pits on the surface of TS specimens, with more severe adhesive wear situation and higher roughness. TS specimens had higher original hardness and lower hardening amplitude, about 78%. Although P+F specimens had lower original hardness, its hardening amplitude could reach about 95%. After rolling wear, P+F specimens had higher surface hardness and thicker hardening layer. The hardening effect caused by ferrite deformation refinement is dominant in TS specimens, while the combined hardening effects of ferrite refinement and cementite deformation occur in P+F specimens. Under the condition of dry and air-cooled rolling wear, D2 wheel steel specimens with original microstructure of P+F have better hardening effects, polygonization resistance and wear resistance.